scholarly journals Estimation of Fluoride Concentration in Municipal Water Supply and Commercially Available Packaged Drinking Water in Mathura City. A -Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
R Gupta ◽  
NA Ingle ◽  
N Kaur ◽  
E Ingle ◽  
M Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Presence of fluoride in water is known to cause many crippling diseases either by its insufficient or excess intake. Aim & objectives To compare the fluoride and TDS concentration in municipal water supply and packaged drinking water sold in Mathura city. Material and Method Total five water samples of packaged drinking water and ten samples of municipal water were collected from pumping stations of Mathura city. Fluoride concentration was determined by modified alizarin method, TDS was estimated by TDS meter. The student t test was used to compare the mean fluoride concentration of municipal water and packaged drinking water. Results The mean fluoride concentration of packaged drinking water and municipal water supply was 0.16 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L respectively. The difference between the mean of two samples was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The fluoride concentration was low in both municipal water and packaged drinking water. TDS was in permissible range in packaged drinking water and unsatisfactory in municipal water.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Fluoride has a preventive effect on dental caries. However, excessive/insufficient ingestion of fluoride can lead to the development of dental fluorosis/increased risk for dental caries respectively. The objective of this study was to estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu valley. It was a community based cross-sectional study in which drinking water samples were collected from municipal water supply and bottled water. Municipal water supply was collected according to eight water schemes in Kathmandu valley and as for bottled water, 35 samples were randomly collected according to different brand names available in the commercial market. The samples were analyzed for fluoride content by SPADNS colorimetric method as per standard procedure set by American Public Health Association (APHA 2012).The results revealed that the fluoride content in drinking water samples was below the permissible limit (<0.5 ppm) as per Nepal’s drinking water quality standards and WHO guidelines. Hence, implementation of water fluoridation program can be initiated for municipal water supply and bottled water for prevention of dental caries to optimize the oral health of people.

scholarly journals Natural fluoride levels from public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiene Saibrosa da Silva ◽  
Wallesk Gomes Moreno ◽  
Franklin Delano Soares Forte ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

The aim of this work was to determine the natural fluoride concentrations in public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil, in order to identify cities in risk for high prevalence of dental fluorosis. For each city, two samples of drinking water were collected in the urban area: one from the main public water supply and another from a public or residential tap from the same source. Fluoride analyses were carried out in duplicate using a specific ion electrode and TISAB II. From a total of 222 cities in Piauí, 164 (73.8%) samples were analyzed. Urban population in these towns corresponds to 92.5% of the whole state with an estimated population of 1,654,563 inhabitants from the total urban population (1,788,590 inhabitants). A total of 151 cities showed low fluoride levels (<0.30 mg/L) and 13 were just below optimum fluoride concentration in the drinking water (0.31-0.59 mg/L). High natural fluoride concentration above 0.81 mg/L was not observed in any of the surveyed cities. As a conclusion, most of the cities in Piauí have low fluoride concentration in the drinking water. The risk for a high prevalence of dental fluorosis in these urban areas due to natural fluoride in the water supplies is very unlikely. Thus, surveys about the dental fluorosis prevalence in Piauí should be related with data about the consumption of fluoridated dentifrices and other fluoride sources.

scholarly journals Social representations of drinking water: subsidies for water quality surveillance programmes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ferraz Carmo ◽  
Paula Dias Bevilacqua ◽  
Marisa Barletto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Municipal Water

A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.

Identification of Taste and Odour Compounds from Western Lake Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Brownlee ◽  
D.S. Painter ◽  
R.J. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Odour Concentration

Abstract During August, 1983 geosmin was identified in a municipal water supply drawn from western Lake Ontario. The geosmin concentrations were 0.01-0.07 μg L-1, within the range for threshold odour concentration of 0.01-0.2 μg L-1. 2-Methylisoborneol was not detected. The odour 'event' coincided with a dieoff of Cladophora in the lake, but we were not able to establish a direct link between the dieoff and geosmin production. Decomposing Cladophora in shoreline areas produced a strong odour in the air. 3-Methylindole, elemental sulfur, dimethyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl pentasulfide were tentatively identified in water samples collected from these areas, but geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were not detected.

Assessment of the drinking water quality for planning endogenic prevention of dental caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
A. B. Shashmurina ◽  
O. L. Mishutina ◽  
V. R. Shashmurina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Normal Limits

Relevance. Dental caries is a leading dental disease in children. Aim – to study the quality of drinking water in Smolensk and its region to provide evidence for implementing dental caries preventive measures in children.Materials and methods. We took tap water samples from ten water intake points in seven districts of Smolensk and six Smolensk regions. An accredited testing laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Smolensk Region carried out water chemical analysis. The study analyzed standard parameters of drinking water quality: pH 6.5-8.5, fluoride content 0.60-1.2 mg/l; water hardness 7.0-9.0 (Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.4.1116-02). The parameter was considered normal if its 95% confidence interval was within the reference range.Results. In Smolensk, the hydrogen ion concentration in centralized drinking water supply systems is within normal limits and amounts to 7.39 (95% CI: 7.32-7.46; р < 0,05) pH units. The mean fluoride concentration in the Smolensk water is 0.19 (95% CI: 0.14-0.23; р < 0,05) mg/l, which is below the normal range. In most Smolensk districts, water hardness is within normal limits, 8.21 mmol/l (95% CI: 7.03-9.39; р < 0,05). However, the upper limit of the confidence interval of 9.39 mg/l and the maximum of 12.0 mg/l exceed the normal range. In the Smolensk region cities, the hydrogen ion concentration is 7.2 (95% CI: 7.02-7.38; р < 0,05) pH units in the centralized drinking water supply. The fluoride concentration in the Smolensk region water is 0.45 mg/l (95% CI: 0.23-0.68; р < 0,05), which demonstrates the fluoride deficiency in water. In the Smolensk region cities, mean water hardness is 6.66 mmol/l (95% CI: 6.00-7.03; р < 0,05), which is below the normal values. However, the CI upper limit of 7.03 mmol/l and the maximum of 7.05 mmol/l are within normal limits.Conclusions. The water of the centralized drinking water supply system in Smolensk and the Smolensk region is low in fluorides. Urgent community and individual preventive measures should be taken to expose children to fluoride.

Leakage Localization in Municipal Water Supply using Self Adaptive Reduced Network Models and Sensitivity Analysis*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saruch Satishkumar Rathore ◽  
Carsten Skovmose Kallesoe ◽  
Rafal Wisniewski ◽  
Tom Norgaard Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Self Adaptive
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document