scholarly journals Social representations of drinking water: subsidies for water quality surveillance programmes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ferraz Carmo ◽  
Paula Dias Bevilacqua ◽  
Marisa Barletto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Municipal Water

A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.

scholarly journals Public Demand for Improved Urban Water Supply Services in Multan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Junaid Alam Memon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Water Charges

Governments in developing countries face financial constraints to ensure supply of clean drinking water. They may benefit from increasing water charges for those who are be willing to pay little extra in lieu of their demand for improvement in water quality and service. To check the plausibility of this proposal, we investigated drinking water supply and quality, and welloff consumers demand for improved service delivery in Shah-Rukun-e-alam and Mumtazabad towns in Multan city of Pakistan. Qualitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey was analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques. Qualitative information obtained through semi structured interviews was helpful in designing survey questionnaire and to elaborate quantitative results. Results reveal that the respondents accord high importance to the provision of safe drinking water than to other daily household needs. The demand for improvement in water supply parameters exceeds the demand for improvements in water quality parameters, with the reliable supply being the most demanded improvement. Majority realize the government’s budget constraints in improving service delivery. Most respondents would pay PKR 100 in addition to what they are paying now. Their willingness to pay (WTP) this amount correlates with their awareness on water and health nexus, and depends household income, number of children under 14 years age and awareness of actual water quality tested through laboratory. Besides recommending raise of water charges by PKR 100 per month per household in both towns, the service quality improvement may consider interventions such as mobile water testing laboratory and awareness campaigns motivate citizens to pay for safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Water quality status of groundwater and municipal water supply (tap water) from Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Bhandari ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Samikshya Kandel ◽  
Deepa Shree Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Bagmati River

Abstract Poor waste management in the Kathmandu valley has deteriorated the water quality of surface and groundwater sources. The objective of this study was to assess the status of water quality (WQ) in drinking water sources of groundwater and municipal supply (tap water) from the Bagmati river basin in Kathmandu valley. A total of 52 water samples from deep tube-well, tube-well, dug-well, and tap water were collected and analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results revealed that chloride, total hardness (TH), copper, nitrate, sulfate, and turbidity were within the recommendations of the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). Total coliform (TC) bacteria in 84.6% of the samples exceeded drinking water guidelines. Similarly, the isolates of different enteric bacteria, namely Escherichia coli (21.5%), Citrobacter spp. (20.9%), Klebsiella spp. (19.8%), Proteus spp. (13.9%), Enterobacter spp. (8.72%), Salmonella spp. (5.8%), Shigella spp. (5.2%), and Pseudomonas (4.1%) were identified in the samples collected from the respective sources. Out of the 52 water samples, 7.7% of samples had fecal contamination of somatic coliphage. The groundwater and municipal water supply in the study area are not safe for drinking purposes. Treatment of water is required before its use for household applications.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fluoride Concentration in Municipal Water Supply and Commercially Available Packaged Drinking Water in Mathura City. A -Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
R Gupta ◽  
NA Ingle ◽  
N Kaur ◽  
E Ingle ◽  
M Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Presence of fluoride in water is known to cause many crippling diseases either by its insufficient or excess intake. Aim & objectives To compare the fluoride and TDS concentration in municipal water supply and packaged drinking water sold in Mathura city. Material and Method Total five water samples of packaged drinking water and ten samples of municipal water were collected from pumping stations of Mathura city. Fluoride concentration was determined by modified alizarin method, TDS was estimated by TDS meter. The student t test was used to compare the mean fluoride concentration of municipal water and packaged drinking water. Results The mean fluoride concentration of packaged drinking water and municipal water supply was 0.16 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L respectively. The difference between the mean of two samples was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The fluoride concentration was low in both municipal water and packaged drinking water. TDS was in permissible range in packaged drinking water and unsatisfactory in municipal water.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Data for Drinking Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Mario Maiolo ◽  
Daniela Pantusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Vulnerability of drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) depends on different factors such as failures, loss of security, man-made threats, and the change and deterioration of supply-water quality. Currently, the lifespan of several DWSSs worldwide has been exceeded, exasperating these issues. The monitoring activity and the transparency of information on water availability and quality are becoming increasingly important in accordance with the national regulations and standards, and with guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). These activities can be considered as support and guidance tools for identifying health-related risks, for building a safe management of drinking water supply systems, and for improved user confidence in the consumption of tap water. In this context, in the present work an analysis of the quality monitoring data of DWSSs was carried out using multivariate techniques. The analysis considered several chemical–physical parameters collected in the period 2013–2020 for some DWSSs in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) methods were used to process and reduce the dimensionality of the data, to highlight the parameters that have the greatest influence on the qualitative state of the supplied water and to identify clusters.

scholarly journals Variable water quality of domestic wells emphasizes the need for groundwater quality monitoring and protection: Stinkwater, Hammanskraal, Gauteng

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhulane S Baloyi ◽  
Roger E Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Small Industry

Groundwater is a critical water resource in many peri-urban areas without municipal water supply, a common situation globally, but especially in Africa. These areas contain multiple water pollution risks from various human activities, including small industry, dumping, stock and pet animals, and pit latrines. Stinkwater village, 40 km north of Pretoria in Gauteng Province, that has only partial municipal water supply, was sampled for water quality from municipal taps, boreholes and open hand-dug wells. The water quality varied greatly, with few obvious geographic or geochemical correlations, other than high bacterial counts in the open wells. The key health concerns were nitrate, fluoride and coliform bacteria (including E. coli), some at dangerous levels. Relatively subtle variations in land use, including water use and pollution sources, as well as vadose zone character, including depth to water table, permeability and recharge pathways, could account for much of the variation in water quality. The study reveals the risk of relying upon a single water quality analysis to determine groundwater conditions for an area. In areas with multiple possible pollution sources, thorough groundwater monitoring is needed to determine the usability of water resources.

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