Human biology council symposium: Nutrition and diet in human biology. Abstracts

Resumen | En este trabajo quiero presentar una cronología convencional del concepto raza que marca un movimiento en el cual raza cambia de ser una idea basada en la cultura y el medio ambiente, a ser algo biológico, inflexible y determinante, para luego volver a ser una noción que habla de la cultura.Resumo cómo la idea de raza ha cambiado a través del tiempo, mirando necesariamente el rol que ha desempeñado la ciencia, y enfocando los diferentes discursos de índole natural-cultural sobre los cuerpos, el medio ambiente y el comportamiento, en los cuales las dimensiones culturales y naturales siempre coexisten.“La naturaleza” no puede ser entendida solamente como “la biología” y ni la naturaleza ni la biología necesariamente implican sólo el determinismo, la fijeza y la inmutabilidad Estar abiertos a la coexistencia de la cultura y la naturaleza y a la mutabilidad de la naturaleza nos permite ver mejor el ámbito de acción del pensamiento racial.Race, Science and Society Abstract | In this article I present and critique a standard chronology of race as, first, a concept rooted in culture and environment, and later in human biology and determinism, and finally back to culture alone.I will outline changing understandings of race over time, with some attention to the role of science, broadly understood, and on the continuing but changing character of race as a natural-cultural discourse about organic bodies, environments and behavior, in which both cultural and natural dimensions always co-exist.“Nature” is not to be understood simply as “biology,” and neither nature nor biology necessarily imply the fixity and determination that they are often assumed nowadays to involve.Being open to the co-existence of culture and nature and the mutability of the latter allows us to better comprehend the whole range of action of racial thinking.

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Overweight and Obesity Among Adult HIV Infected Peoples Receiving ART in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/2150132721993647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272199364

Author(s):

Robel Hussen Kabthymer ◽

Solomon Nega Techane ◽

Temesgen Muche ◽

Helen Ali Ewune ◽

Semagn Mekonnen Abate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Publication Bias ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Nutrition And Diet ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Trim And Fill

Background: Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adult HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia. Method: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health and Google scholar electronic databases were used to perform a systematic literature search. Two authors independently extracted all the necessary data using a structured data extraction format. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot and Egger’s test. Result: Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-one studies were reviewed and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 13 studies, comprising 4994 participants resulted in pooled prevalence of overweight to be 17.85% (95% CI: 12.22-23.47). Whereas, the pooled prevalence of overweight was found to be 3.90 (95% CI: 2.31-5.49) but after adjusting for publication bias using trim and fill analysis it has become 3.58 (95% CI: 2.04-5.13). Magnitude of both overweight and obesity was higher in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, studies done after 2016 and studies having sample size of less than 400, in subgroup analysis. Conclusion: The magnitude of overweight and obesity among HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia is high. There is a need to have a routine screening to PLWHA on the risk of over-nutrition in order to facilitate early detection.

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Mind the gap: Contesting normal/abnormal constructs of human biology and behaviors

American Journal of Human Biology ◽

10.1002/ajhb.23666 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Cullin ◽

Virginia J. Vitzthum ◽

Andrea S. Wiley

Keyword(s):

Human Biology ◽

And Behaviors

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Metabolism and Aging: New Approaches to Nutrition and Diet in Aging

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 736-737

Author(s):

Blanka Rogina

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Tissue Homeostasis ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

New Approaches ◽

Nutrition And Diet ◽

Extended Longevity ◽

Species Specific

Abstract Aging is associated with a functional decline in metabolic, physiological, proliferative, and tissue homeostasis leading to deterioration at an organismal level and increases risk for disease and death. Genetic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions have been successfully used to preserve metabolic health, which leads to preserved healthspan and extended longevity. This symposium will discuss new approaches to nutrition and diet and mechanisms underlying interventions such as calorie restriction and genetic CR. We will also discuss species-specific metabolic mechanisms based on longitudinal studies in mice, monkeys and humans.

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