scholarly journals Metabolism and Aging: New Approaches to Nutrition and Diet in Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
Blanka Rogina
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Aging is associated with a functional decline in metabolic, physiological, proliferative, and tissue homeostasis leading to deterioration at an organismal level and increases risk for disease and death. Genetic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions have been successfully used to preserve metabolic health, which leads to preserved healthspan and extended longevity. This symposium will discuss new approaches to nutrition and diet and mechanisms underlying interventions such as calorie restriction and genetic CR. We will also discuss species-specific metabolic mechanisms based on longitudinal studies in mice, monkeys and humans.

scholarly journals Presidential Symposium: Physiological vs. Molecular Clocks, Studies From Mice to Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Blanka Rogina
Keyword(s):  
Functional Decline ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Aging is associated with a functional decline in metabolic, physiological, proliferative, and tissue homeostasis leading to deterioration at the organismal level, and an increased risk for disease and death. Genetic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions have been successfully used to preserve metabolic health, which leads to preserved healthspan and extended longevity. However, the rate at which animals in a population become impaired by age-related frailty and disease is highly variable and several aging clocks that measure different age-modulated processes in the organism are being use as potential markers of the rate of aging. These molecular clocks allow to a more accurate quantification of the biological age of animals. Nevertheless, there is still room for further discussion in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of these biomarkers, in order to probe their biological significance, cellular mechanisms, and epidemiological potential to further explore their long-term benefit of increasing healthspan. This symposium will discuss new approaches to delineate physiological versus molecular clocks based on studies in mice and humans. We will also discuss species-specific metabolic mechanisms based on longitudinal studies in mice, monkeys and humans.

Molecular mechanisms of life- and health-span extension: role of calorie restriction and exercise intervention

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy S. Carter ◽  
Tim Hofer ◽  
Arnold Y. Seo ◽  
Christian Leeuwenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Span ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Age Related

The aging process results in a gradual and progressive structural deterioration of biomolecular and cellular compartments and is associated with many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and liver dysfunction. Concomitantly, each of these conditions is associated with progressive functional decline, loss of independence, and ultimately disability. Because disabled individuals require care in outpatient or home care settings, and in light of the social, emotional, and fiscal burden associated with caring for an ever-increasing elderly population, research in geriatric medicine has recently focused on the biological mechanisms that are involved in the progression towards functional decline and disability to better design treatment and intervention strategies. Although not completely understood, the mechanisms underlying the aging process may partly involve inflammatory processes, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic tissue degeneration. These hypotheses are based on epidemiological evidence and data from animal models of aging, as well as interventional studies. Findings from these studies have identified possible strategies to decrease the incidence of age-related diseases and delay the aging process. For example, lifelong exercise is known to extend mean life-span, whereas calorie restriction (CR) increases both mean and maximum life-span in a variety of species. Optimal application of these intervention strategies in the elderly may positively affect health-related outcomes and possibly longevity. Therefore, the scope of this article is to (i) provide an interpretation of various theories of aging from a “health-span” perspective; (ii) describe interventional testing in animals (CR and exercise); and (iii) provide a translational interpretation of these data.

scholarly journals Does Calorie Restriction Modulate Inflammaging via FoxO Transcription Factors?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Kim ◽  
Ryoichi Mori ◽  
Isao Shimokawa
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Foxo Transcription Factors

Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to extend lifespan and retard aging-related functional decline in animals. Previously, we found that the anti-neoplastic and lifespan-extending effects of CR in mice are regulated by forkhead box O transcription factors (FoxO1 and FoxO3), located downstream of growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling, in an isoform-specific manner. Inflammaging is a term coined to represent that persistent low-level of inflammation underlies the progression of aging and related diseases. Attenuation of inflammaging in the body may underlie the effects of CR. Recent studies have also identified cellular senescence and activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as causative factors of inflammaging. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms linking the effects of CR with the formation of inflammasomes, particularly focusing on possible relations with FoxO3. Inflammation in the brain that affects adult neurogenesis and lifespan was also reviewed as evidence of inflammaging. A recent progress of microRNA research was described as regulatory circuits of initiation and propagation of inflammaging. Finally, we briefly introduced our preliminary results obtained from the mouse models, in which Foxo1 and Foxo3 genes were conditionally knocked out in the myeloid cell lineage.

Lessons from Longitudinal Studies for New Approaches to the DSM-V: The FFM and FFT

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Nicholas S. Patriciu ◽  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Dsm V

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding during Puberty Ameliorates Adiposity and Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in a Mouse Model of Childhood Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3579
Author(s):  
Francesc Ribas-Aulinas ◽  
Marcela Parra-Vargas ◽  
Marta Ramon-Krauel ◽  
Ruben Diaz ◽  
Carles Lerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) refers to dietary interventions in which food access is limited during a specific timeframe of the day. TRFs have proven useful in improving metabolic health in adult subjects with obesity. Their beneficial effects are mediated, in part, through modulating the circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, the translation of these dietary interventions onto obese/overweight children and adolescents remains uncharacterized. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of temporal dietary interventions for improving metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity. Methods: We have previously developed a mouse model of early adiposity (i.e., childhood obesity) through litter size reduction. Mice raised in small litters (SL) became obese as early as by two weeks of age, and as adults, they developed several obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we explored whether two independent short-term chrono-nutritional interventions might improve metabolic health in 1-month-old pre-pubertal SL mice. Both TRFs comprised 8 h feeding/14 h fasting. In the first one (TRF1) Control and SL mice had access to the diet for 8 h during the dark phase. In the second intervention (TRF2) food was available during the light:dark transitions. Results: TRF1 did not alter food intake nor ameliorate adiposity in SL-TRF1. In contrast, SL-TRF2 mice showed unintentional reduction of caloric intake, which was accompanied by reduced total body weight and adiposity. Strikingly, hepatic triglyceride content was completely normalized in SL-TRF1 and SL-TRF2 mice, when compared to the ad lib-fed SL mice. These effects were partially mediated by (i) clock-dependent signals, which might modulate the expression of Pparg or Cpt1a, and (ii) clock-independent signals, such as fasting itself, which could influence Fasn expression. Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is an effective and feasible nutritional intervention to improve metabolic health, namely hepatic steatosis, in a model of childhood obesity. These data open new avenues for future safe and efficient chrono-nutritional interventions aimed to improve metabolic health in children with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Advancing developmental science via unmoderated remote research with children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Rhodes ◽  
Michael Rizzo ◽  
Emily Foster-Hanson ◽  
Kelsey Moty ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Parent Child Interaction

This article introduces an accessible approach to implementing unmoderated remote research in developmental science—research in which children and families participate in studies remotely and on their own, without directly interacting with researchers. Unmoderated remote research has the potential to strengthen developmental science by: (1) facilitating the implementation of studies that are easily replicable, (2) allowing for new approaches to longitudinal studies and studies of parent-child interaction, and (3) including families from more diverse backgrounds and children growing up in more diverse environments in research. We describe an approach we have used to design and implement unmoderated remote research that is accessible to researchers with limited programming expertise, and describe resources available on a new website to help researchers get started with this approach, http://discoveriesonline.org. We discuss the potential of this method for developmental science and highlight some challenges still to be overcome to harness the power of unmoderated remote research for advancing the field.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Fasting Blood Glucose Trends and Mortality Risk in Mice Differs From That of Non-Human Primates and Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 737-738
Author(s):  
Rafael de Cabo ◽  
Dushani Palliyaguru ◽  
Eric Shiroma ◽  
John Nam ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Metabolic Indices ◽  
Health And Mortality

Abstract Longitudinal studies in humans have led to the development of strong predictors of outcomes of health, disease and mortality. Translation from model organisms to human has been faced with species-specific regulation of metabolic function and challenged by the lack of longitudinal studies addressing trajectories of change that can be used, as in humans to predict outcomes. Here we compare longitudinal predictors of health and mortality of three major metabolic indices among mice, non-human primates and humans. Longitudinal fasting blood glucose, body weight and body composition over the lifespan were compared across species, mice, Rhesus monkeys and humans. Survival analysis was conducted to calculate the risk of death for subjects with highest and lowest quartiles of fasting blood glucose. We will present data highlighting species-specific mechanisms of glucose homeostasis over the lifespan and its association with mortality.

The effects of intermittent calorie restriction on metabolic health: Rationale and study design of the HELENA Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schübel ◽  
Mirja E. Graf ◽  
Johanna Nattenmüller ◽  
Diana Nabers ◽  
Disorn Sookthai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Health

scholarly journals The Potential of Calorie Restriction and Calorie Restriction Mimetics in Delaying Aging: Focus on Experimental Models

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Emiliana Giacomello ◽  
Luana Toniolo
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
The Individual

Aging is a biological process determined by multiple cellular mechanisms, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, that ultimately concur in the functional decline of the individual. The evidence that the old population is steadily increasing and will triplicate in the next 50 years, together with the fact the elderlies are more prone to develop pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and degenerative disorders, stimulates an important effort in finding specific countermeasures. Calorie restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to modulate nutrient sensing mechanisms, inducing a better metabolic profile, enhanced stress resistance, reduced oxidative stress, and improved inflammatory response. Therefore, CR and CR-mimetics have been suggested as powerful means to slow aging and extend healthy life-span in experimental models and humans. Taking into consideration the difficulties and ethical issues in performing aging research and testing anti-aging interventions in humans, researchers initially need to work with experimental models. The present review reports the major experimental models utilized in the study of CR and CR-mimetics, highlighting their application in the laboratory routine, and their translation to human research.

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