Retrospective assessment of the association between noise exposure and nonfatal and fatal injury rates among miners in the United States from 1983 to 2014

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abas Shkembi ◽  
Lauren M. Smith ◽  
Richard L. Neitzel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Retrospective Assessment

Obama's Legacy on Israel/Palestine

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Ruebner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Solution ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The U.S

This retrospective assessment argues that despite the arrival in office in 2009 of a president who articulated the case for Palestinian rights more strongly and eloquently than any of his predecessors, U.S. official policy in the Obama years skewed heavily in favor of Israel. While a negotiated two-state resolution of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians continued to be the formal goal of the United States, Israel's defiant refusal to stop settlement expansion, the administration's determined actions to perpetuate Israeli impunity in international fora, as well as the U.S. taxpayer's hefty subsidy of the Israeli military machine all ensured that no progress could be made on that score. The author predicts that with all hopes of a negotiated two-state solution now shattered, Obama's successor will have to contend with an entirely new paradigm, thanks in no small part to the gathering momentum of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.

The Role of Federal Preemption in Injury Prevention Litigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (S1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Vernick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lifetime Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Building Safety

In 2007, there were 182,479 injury-related deaths in the United States — including homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries – making injuries the leading cause of death for persons under age 45. Also in 2007, nearly 30 million Americans suffered a non-fatal injury serious enough to warrant hospital treatment. The lifetime cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries occurring in 2000 is estimated to exceed $400 billion.Efforts to prevent injuries have often focused on changes to the built environment or potentially dangerous products to reduce risks. Building safety into a product or environment — especially in ways that require little or no user action to confer protection — is often more effective than trying to change consumer behavior. For example, improving the crashworthiness of cars through design changes such as air bags, fire-resistant fuel systems, or electronic stability programs, is more effective than simply trying to teach operators to become safer drivers.

scholarly journals Injuries in a Japanese Division I Collegiate American Football Team: A 3-Season Prospective Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Misaka Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Collegiate Football

Context: Previous research on American football injuries in Japan has focused on incidence proportion in terms of the number of injuries divided by the number of players. This is the first study to examine injury rates over several seasons. Objective: To conduct a prospective study of injuries in a Japanese Division I collegiate American football team over the 2007 through 2009 seasons. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Collegiate football team at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. Patients or Other Participants: All 289 athletes who played on the collegiate Division I football team during the 2007 through 2009 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s): A certified athletic trainer kept a daily record of all practice and game injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to season, injury type, body part, severity, and mechanism. Injuries were also analyzed according to position of player, school year, and playing experience. Results: The game injury rate (GIR; 32.7 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) was higher than the practice injury rate (PIR; 10.9 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) over the 3 seasons (P < .05). The PIR was higher among Japanese players than the comparable United States collegiate football injury rates (5.8–7.0 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures). Ankle and foot injuries occurred more frequently during games, whereas thigh and gluteal injuries occurred more frequently during practices. Conclusions: Our data show differences between games and practices in terms of injury rates, body parts injured, and positions of players injured. The high PIR in Japan may be due to the increased contact during practices and length of practices compared with the United States. Further research involving multiple teams is recommended to validate the trends noted in this study. The expanded data set could assist in the development of safety regulations and preventive interventions for Japanese football.

Hazardous Decibels

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
OiSaeng Hong ◽  
Daniel G. Samo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Occupational Noise Exposure ◽  
Intermittent Noise

Noise-induced hearing loss ranks among the most significant occupational health problems. In the united states, more than 1 million firefighters are at risk for noise-induced hearing loss due to exposure to hazardous levels of intermittent noise from sirens, air horns, and engines of emergency vehicles and fire trucks. Although irreversible, noise-induced hearing loss is entirely preventable through both engineering controls and personal protective equipment. This article describes occupational noise exposure, hearing loss, and strategies to prevent noise-induced hearing loss among firefighters.

Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Tarr ◽  
James McCurley III ◽  
Francis C. McMichael ◽  
Terry Yosie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retrospective Assessment

scholarly journals Risk of Injury in Basketball, Football, and Soccer Players, Ages 15 Years and Older, 2003–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Carter ◽  
Beverly J. Westerman ◽  
Katherine L. Hunting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The U.S

Context: A major challenge in the field of sports injury epidemiology is identifying the appropriate denominators for injury rates. Objective: To characterize risk of injury from participation in basketball, football, and soccer in the United States, using hours of participation as the measure of exposure, and to compare these rates with those derived using population estimates in the denominator. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: United States, 2003–2007. Participants: People ages 15 years and older who experienced an emergency department–treated injury while playing basketball, football, or soccer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of emergency department–treated injuries resulting from participation in basketball, football, or soccer. Injury rates were calculated for people ages 15 and older for the years 2003–2007 using the U.S. population and hours of participation as the denominators. The risk of injury associated with each of these sports was compared for all participants and by sex. Results: From 2003 through 2007, annual injury rates per 1000 U.S. population were as follows: 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 1.67) in basketball, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.04) in football, and 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.53) in soccer. When the denominator was hours of participation, the injury rate in football (5.08 [95% CI = 4.46, 5.69]/10 000 hours) was almost twice as high as that for basketball (2.69 [95% CI = 2.35, 3.02]/10 000 hours) and soccer (2.69 [95% CI = 2.07, 3.30]/10 000 hours). Conclusions: Depending on the choice of denominator, interpretation of the risk of an emergency department–treated injury in basketball, football, or soccer varies greatly. Using the U.S. population as the denominator produced rates that were highest in basketball and lowest in soccer. However, using hours of participation as a more accurate measure of exposure demonstrated that football had a higher rate of injury than basketball or soccer for both males and females.

scholarly journals Catastrophic High School and Collegiate Cheerleading Injuries in the United States: An Examination of the 2006-2007 Basket Toss Rule Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Yau ◽  
Savannah G. Dennis ◽  
Barry P. Boden ◽  
Robert C. Cantu ◽  
James A. Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cheerleading is a specialized athletic activity that can lead to catastrophic injuries. Cheerleading rules are in place to maximize safety of participants. The purpose of this study was to describe catastrophic cheerleading injuries among high school and collegiate-level participants in the United States and to explore whether the 2006-2007 basket toss rule change was effective at reducing the number of catastrophic injuries. Hypothesis: The 2006-2007 basket toss rule change contributed to a reduction in the number of catastrophic injuries among high school and collegiate cheerleaders. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data on catastrophic cheerleading injuries were collected by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research from July 2002 to June 2017. Information collected included cheerleader, event, and injury characteristics. The impact of the 2006-2007 rule change banning the basket toss on any hard surfaces was assessed by comparing injury rates and 95% CIs before and after the rule change. Results: There were 54 catastrophic cheerleading injuries, or 3.6 injuries per year. From July 2002 through June 2017, the injury rate was 2.12 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders (95% CI, 1.56-2.69). Most cheerleaders sustained serious injuries (n = 27; 50%) during practice (n = 37; 69%) to the head (n = 28; 52%) and cervical spine (n = 17; 32%). From July 2002 through June 2017, basket tosses were the stunt that accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (n = 19; 35%). The basket toss injury rate decreased from 1.55 to 0.40 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders among both high school and collegiate cheerleaders after the rule change. Conclusion: Catastrophic injury rates in cheerleading decreased dramatically after the 2006-2007 rule change banning basket tosses from being performed on any hard surfaces. In particular, there was a nearly 4-fold reduction in the rate of catastrophic basket toss injuries.

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