An ongoing challenge: The impact of federal policies on organisations, communities and individuals serving people seeking asylum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Murray ◽  
Renata F. I. Meuter ◽  
Mandy Cox ◽  
Beata Ostapiej‐Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Federal Policies ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Reclamation on Acceptable Strip Mining Royalty Payments

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
John Otte ◽  
Michael Boehlje ◽  
Lowell Catlett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Strip Mining ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Mineral Rights ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Surface Mineral ◽  
The Impact

Rapid increases in energy prices, federal policies of energy independence and further projections of energy shortages are encouraging development of sources of energy such as strip mining for coal. A key issue faced by the owner of surface and sub-surface (mineral) rights to land is determination of the price or fee (royalty) that should be extracted from a miner who wants access to the subsurface resource. This is a crucial problem because productivity and income potential of the surface resource may be altered during the mining process. Although extracting coal through strip mining is an obvious example of this phenomenon, the same issue is confronted in surface extraction of other minerals or in placement of easements or restrictions on land use options available to surface property-right owners.

scholarly journals The Federal Government and Slavery: Following the Money Trail

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
American State

The purpose of this study is to amend both the recent literature on the development of the American state and the recent literature on the impact of slavery on American public policy. In fact, with this article, I am bringing together these two bodies of literature by demonstrating how slavery contributed to the development of the American state. While the first body of literature largely ignores how slavery affected the development of the American state, the second traces the proslavery biases of federal policies without discussing how those policies positively affected the development of the American state. The assumption common to both is that, to the extent slavery affected the development of the American state, it negatively affected that development. My goal is to correct that assumption.

scholarly journals Follow the Money: A Closer Look at US Tobacco Industry Marketing Expenditures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Levy ◽  
Alex Liber ◽  
Chris Cadham ◽  
Luz Maria Sanchez ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Settlement Agreement ◽  
Marketing Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: While much of the concern with tobacco industry marketing has focused on direct media advertising, a less explored form of marketing strategy is to discount prices. Price discounting is important because it keeps the purchase price low and can undermine the impact of tax increases. Methods: We examine annual marketing expenditures from 1975 to 2019 by the largest cigarette and smokeless tobacco companies. We consider three categories: direct advertising, promotional allowances, and price discounting. In addition to considering trends in these expenditures, we examine how price discounting expenditures relate to changes in product prices and excise taxes. Results: US direct advertising expenditures for cigarettes fell from 80% of total industry marketing expenditures in 1975 to less than 3% in 2019, while falling from 39% in 1985 to 6% in 2019 for smokeless tobacco. Price-discounting expenditures for cigarettes became prominent after the Master Settlement Agreement and related tax increases in 2002. By 2019, 87% of cigarette marketing expenditures were for price discounts and 7% for promotional allowances. Smokeless marketing expenditures were similar: 72% for price promotions and 13% for promotional allowances. Price discounting increased with prices and taxes until reaching their currently high levels. Conclusions: While much attention focuses on direct advertising, other marketing practices, especially price discounting, has received less attention. Local, state and federal policies that use non-tax mechanisms to increase tobacco prices and restrict industry contracts with retailers are needed to offset/disrupt industry marketing expenditures. Further study is needed to better understand industry decisions about marketing expenditures.

scholarly journals Medicinal Cannabis: Policy, Patients, and Providers

2021 ◽  
pp. 152715442198960
Author(s):  
Jennie E. Ryan ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
Carol J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
District Of Columbia ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Cannabis Policy ◽  
The Impact

Medicinal cannabis is legal in some form in 47 states, 3 United States territories, and the District of Columbia. An estimated three million Americans use cannabis for relief of a variety of illnesses, and this figure is expected to grow based on policy changes. However, cannabis remains illegal at the federal level as a Schedule I drug under the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. Schedule I classification of cannabis has impeded the advancement of research, leaving providers with little evidence-based information to educate their patients. Furthermore, the disparities in individual state laws create significant social and health inequities in gaining access to medicinal cannabis. Conflicting state and federal policies regarding medicinal cannabis create logistical and ethical dilemmas, and all U.S. stakeholders—patients, providers, and health delivery systems—may be impacted by conflicting federal and state policies. This brief addresses the impact of conflicting cannabis policies.

An examination of the impact of changes in federal policies on the landscape of educational research in the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessaca Spybrook ◽  
Anne Cullen Puente ◽  
Monica Lininger
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Impact of Work-First Policies on College Access

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Goldrick-Rab ◽  
Kathleen M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
College Access ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work First

The college participation rates of African Americans and Latinos continue to lag behind those of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States, despite the efforts of financial aid and affirmative action policies. Two recent federal policies that are “work-first” in nature threaten to further exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities in college access. This article examines the complex ways in which the 1996 welfare reform and the 1998 Workforce Investment Act differentially affect opportunities for college enrollment among disadvantaged adults. Utilizing national and state-level data, the authors argue that both policies restrict access to postsecondary education through the implementation of their guiding philosophy, “work-first,” which emphasizes rapid job placement as the strategy of choice in achieving stable employment and moving out of poverty. These policies have reduced the size of the clientele receiving welfare and restricted access to education and training for those who remain on the rolls. Moreover, this reduction in access is particularly acute among African Americans and Latinos. Thus, the findings indicate that these work-first federal policies serve to limit higher education opportunities available to these already disadvantaged populations.

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