High education, but not occupation or work experience, is related to a lower risk of dementia in the oldest‐old: The 90+ Study

Abstract BackgroundSleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. MethodsA dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7-8, 9, and ≥10 hours/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. ResultsOver the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥10 hours/day had hazard ratios (HR) of mortality 1.18 (p<0.001), 1.14(p<0.01), 1.06 (p>0.1), and 1.30 (p<0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7-8 hours/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.09 (p<0.1), 1.18(p<0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (HR=0.78, p<0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (HR=0.91, p<0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

Download Full-text

Higher Education Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia after a Stroke or TIA. The Rotterdam Study

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000443649 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 120-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Saira Saeed Mirza ◽

Marileen L.P. Portegies ◽

Frank J. Wolters ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

Peter J. Koudstaal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

High Education ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Population Based ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Low Education ◽

Neurodegenerative Pathology ◽

Ischemic Attack

Background: Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia, possibly because of a higher tolerance to subclinical neurodegenerative pathology. Whether higher education also protects against dementia after clinical stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains unknown. Methods: Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, 12,561 participants free of stroke, TIA and dementia were followed for occurrence of stroke, TIA and dementia. Across the levels of education, associations of incident stroke or TIA with subsequent development of dementia and differences in cognitive decline following stroke or TIA were investigated. Results: During 124,862 person-years, 1,463 persons suffered a stroke or TIA, 1,158 persons developed dementia, of whom 186 developed dementia after stroke or TIA. Risk of dementia after a stroke or TIA, compared to no stroke or TIA, was highest in the low education category (hazards ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.18-1.81) followed by intermediate education category (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). No significant association was observed in the high education category (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25-1.54). In gender stratified analyses, decrease in risk of dementia with increasing education was significant only in men. Conclusion: Higher education is associated with a lower risk of dementia after stroke or TIA, particularly in men, which might be explained by a higher cognitive reserve.

Download Full-text

Sleep duration, vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality among older adults in China: a 6-year prospective study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02278-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chen Bai ◽

Muqi Guo ◽

Yao Yao ◽

John S. Ji ◽

Danan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

High Frequency ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Demographic Model ◽

Long Sleep

Abstract Background Sleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. Methods A dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7–8, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. Results Over the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day had relative hazard (RH) of mortality 1.18 (p < 0.001), 1.14(p < 0.01), 1.06 (p > 0.1), and 1.30 (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7–8 h/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.09 (p < 0.1), 1.18(p < 0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (RH= 0.78, p < 0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (RH = 0.91, p < 0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

Download Full-text