Sleep duration, vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality among older adults in China: a 6-year prospective study

Abstract Background Sleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. Methods A dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7–8, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. Results Over the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥ 10 h/day had relative hazard (RH) of mortality 1.18 (p < 0.001), 1.14(p < 0.01), 1.06 (p > 0.1), and 1.30 (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7–8 h/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.08 (p < 0.05), 1.09 (p < 0.1), 1.18(p < 0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (RH= 0.78, p < 0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (RH = 0.91, p < 0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

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Sleep Duration, Vegetable Consumption and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Adults in China: A 6-Year Prospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-156196/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Bai ◽

Muqi Guo ◽

Yao Yao ◽

John S. Ji ◽

Danan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

High Frequency ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Demographic Model ◽

Long Sleep

Abstract BackgroundSleep duration and vegetable consumption are associated with mortality at old age (termed as sleep-mortality linkage and vegetable-mortality linkage, respectively). Yet, little is known about the interplay of sleep duration and vegetable consumption on mortality. MethodsA dataset of nationwide longitudinal survey with 13,441 participants aged 65 years or older recruited in 2008 and followed up till 2014 was used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups (≤5, 6, 7-8, 9, and ≥10 hours/day). Vegetable consumption was classified as either high frequency (eating vegetables almost daily) or low frequency. We used parametric Weibull hazard regression models to estimate associations of sleep duration and frequency of vegetable consumption with mortality, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, family/social support, health practice, and health conditions. ResultsOver the six-year study period, when only demographics were present, participants sleeping ≤5, 6, 9, and ≥10 hours/day had hazard ratios (HR) of mortality 1.18 (p<0.001), 1.14(p<0.01), 1.06 (p>0.1), and 1.30 (p<0.001), respectively, compared to those sleeping 7-8 hours/day. The HRs were attenuated to 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.08 (p<0.05), 1.09 (p<0.1), 1.18(p<0.001), respectively, when all other covariates were additionally adjusted for. High frequency of eating vegetables was associated with 22% lower risk of mortality (HR=0.78, p<0.001) compared to low frequency in the demographic model, and with 9% lower risk (HR=0.91, p<0.05) in the full model. Subpopulation and interaction analyses show that the sleeping-mortality linkage was stronger in female, urban, oldest-old (aged ≥80), and illiterate participants compared to their respective male, rural, young-old, and literate counterparts. High frequency of vegetable intakes could offset the higher mortality risk in participants with short-sleeping duration, but low frequency of eating vegetables could exacerbate mortality risk for participants with either short or long sleep duration; and except for few cases, these findings held in subpopulations. Conclusions Too short and too long sleep durations were associated with higher mortality risk, and infrequent vegetable consumption could exacerbate the risk, although frequent vegetable intake could offset the risk for short sleep duration. The relationship between these two lifestyles and mortality was complex and varied among subpopulations.

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879Sleep Duration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽

Sarah Appleton ◽

Amy Reynolds ◽

Tiffany Gills ◽

Robert Adams

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Dose Response ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Evidence shows that habitual short and long sleep is associated with higher mortality risk in the general population. However, studies on the association between sleep duration and mortality in people with diabetes are scarce. Methods Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the United States (US) between 2004 and 2014 (N = 32,766) were used. Self-reported habitual sleep duration for those with self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), 7-8 hr (adequate sleep), and ≥9 hr (long sleep). Mortality status and cause of death data were retrieved from the US National Death Index and linked. We used adjusted Cox proportional models to examine the association between sleep duration and mortality risk. Dose-response relationships were quantified. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding cardiovascular and cancer cases. Results In the median follow-up time of 4.6 years (171,375.2 person-years), 5312 all-cause, 1129 cardiovascular, 1148 cancer and 494 diabetes deaths were recorded. Whereas short sleep duration (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.11) in diabetic patients was not associated with all-cause mortality, long sleep duration was positively (aHR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.57) associated with increased mortality risk. A similar trend of association was found with cause-specific mortality and the dose-response analysis identified a “J” shape association. Similar results were found upon sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Long but not short sleep duration is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic patients. Key messages Sleep should be part of behavioural intervention to prevent premature mortality in those with diabetics.

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Poor Diet, Long Sleep, and Lack of Physical Activity Are Associated with Inflammation among Non-Demented Community-Dwelling Elderly

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare10010143 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Maria Basta ◽

Christina Belogianni ◽

Mary Yannakoulia ◽

Ioannis Zaganas ◽

Symeon Panagiotakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Large Population ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Long Sleep

Inflammation in elderly is associated with physical and cognitive morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the association of modifiable lifestyle parameters with inflammation among non-demented, community-dwelling elderly. A sub-sample of 117 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 63) and cognitively non-impaired controls (CNI, n = 54) were recruited from a large, population-based cohort in Crete, Greece, of 3140 elders (> 60 years old). All participants underwent assessment of medical history/physical examination, extensive neuropsychiatric/neuropsychological evaluation, diet, three-day 24-h actigraphy, subjective sleep, physical activity, and measurement of IL-6 and TNFα plasma levels. Associations between inflammatory markers and diet, objective sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, and lack of physical activity were assessed using multivariate models. Regression analyses in the total group revealed significant associations between TNF-α and low vegetable consumption (p = 0.003), and marginally with objective long nighttime sleep duration (p = 0.04). In addition, IL-6 was associated with low vegetable consumption (p = 0.001) and lack of physical activity (p = 0.001). Poor diet and lack of physical activity appear to be modifiable risk factors of inflammation, whereas long sleep appears to be a marker of increased inflammatory response in elderly. Our findings may have clinical implications given the association of inflammatory response with morbidity, including cognitive decline, and mortality in elderly.

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Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Potential Moderators Associated with All-Cause Mortality in a Representative Sample of Spanish Older Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1794

Author(s):

Olaya ◽

Moneta ◽

Lara ◽

Miret ◽

Martín-María ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Elderly ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Time To Death

This study sought to determine the association between levels of fruit and vegetable consumption and time to death, and to explore potential moderators. We analyzed a nationally-representative sample of 1699 older adults aged 65+ who were followed up for a period of 6 years. Participants were classified into low (≤3 servings day), medium (4), or high (≥5) consumption using tertiles. Unadjusted and adjusted cox proportional hazard regression models (by age, gender, cohabiting, education, multimorbidity, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and obesity) were calculated. The majority of participants (65.7%) did not meet the recommendation of five servings per day. High fruit and vegetable intake increased by 27% the probability of surviving among older adults with two chronic conditions, compared to those who consumed ≤3 servings per day (HR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.21–0.69). However, this beneficial effect was not found for people with none, one chronic condition or three or more, indicating that this protective effect might not be sufficient for more severe cases of multimorbidity. Given a common co-occurrence of two non-communicable diseases in the elderly and the low frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in this population, interventions to promote consuming five or more servings per day could have a significant positive impact on reducing mortality.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Sleep: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1460-1460

Author(s):

Rachel Murphy ◽

Qianqian Gu ◽

Matti Marklund ◽

Ulf Riserus ◽

Jyrki Virtanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Outcome Research ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

De Novo ◽

The United States ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Research Consortium

Abstract Objectives To assess associations between individual and total circulating n-3 fatty acids (FAs) with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium (FORCE). Methods De novo harmonized individual-level analyses were performed and pooled in 10 prospective studies (N = 22,717) with data on sleep duration and 7 studies (N = 9997) with data on difficulty initiating sleeping (DIS). Participant ages ranged from 35 to 96 years from 5 countries (Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Singapore, and the United States). Measured circulating FAs included alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA. FAs were expressed as a % of total FAs. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as short (<7 hrs), 7–8 hrs (reference) or long (>8 hrs). DIS was categorized as yes or no (reference). Cross-sectional associations were assessed by multinomial logistic regression in each study with a standardized protocol including definitions for exposures, outcomes and covariates (demographics, health factors and dietary habits). Cohort-specific odds ratios (OR) per quintile (reference: Q1) of FAs were pooled with inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Results In pooled multivariate analysis, we found that participants with higher circulating n-3 FAs (Q5) had a lower risk of short and long sleep duration. For short sleep ORs (95% confidence intervals, CI) for Q5 were 0.87 (0.78–0.98) for EPA, 0.87 (0.77–0.97) for DPA, 0.83 (0.73–0.93) for DHA and 0.83 (0.74–0.93) for the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA, respectively. For long sleep ORs (95% CI) were 0.79 (0.64–0.97) for DHA, and 0.80 (0.65–0.98) for the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA. The only significant association observed for DIS was for Q3 of DHA, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63–0.96. Conclusions In pooled de novo analyses across multiple cohorts, higher levels of n-3 FAs are associated with lower risk of suboptimal sleep (i.e., too little or too much sleep); These novel findings support the need for additional investigation of the temporal nature and causality of these relationships. Funding Sources International Life Sciences Institute, North America.

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Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of acute coronary syndrome

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510000462 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 248-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Louise Hansen ◽

Lars O. Dragsted ◽

Anja Olsen ◽

Jane Christensen ◽

Anne Tjønneland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Men And Women ◽

Coronary Syndrome

Prospective epidemiological studies have reported that a higher fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a lower risk of CHD. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable consumption, in particular the subgroupings citrus fruits, apples and cruciferous vegetables, and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). During a median follow-up of 7·7 years, 1075 incident ACS cases were identified among 53 383 men and women, aged 50–64 years at recruitment into the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study in 1993–7. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated from a validated FFQ, and ACS incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, a tendency towards a lower risk of ACS was observed for both men and women with higher fruit and vegetable consumption. For men, we found an inverse association for apple intake (IRR per 25 g/d: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99). This association was also seen among women, albeit borderline significant. However, a higher risk was seen among women with higher fruit juice intake (IRR per 25 g/d: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·08). The present results provide some support for previously observed inverse associations between fresh fruit intake, particularly apples, and ACS risk.

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Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014419x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 544-545

Author(s):

G. Y. Fan ◽

J. M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Frequency ◽

Fourier Transformation ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Structure Information ◽

Frequency Components ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

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SEM image sharpness analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163174 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 142-143

Author(s):

M. T. Postek ◽

A. E. Vladar

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Primary Electron ◽

Image Sharpness ◽

Critical Dimensions ◽

Sem Image ◽

Frequency Changes ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

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Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889.0104.52 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 52-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gail L. MacLean ◽

Andrew Stuart ◽

Robert Stenstrom

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Test System ◽

Output Frequency ◽

Frequency Effects ◽

Adult Men ◽

Frequency Responses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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Evaluation of Special Hearing Aids for Deaf Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.3604.527 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 527-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norman P. Erber

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

High Frequency ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Acoustic Stimulation ◽

Deaf Children ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Frequency Limit ◽

Unpublished Studies ◽

Published Research

Two types of special hearing aid have been developed recently to improve the reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. In a different way, each special system provides greater low-frequency acoustic stimulation to deaf ears than does a conventional hearing aid. One of the devices extends the low-frequency limit of amplification; the other shifts high-frequency energy to a lower frequency range. In general, previous evaluations of these special hearing aids have obtained inconsistent or inconclusive results. This paper reviews most of the published research on the use of special hearing aids by deaf children, summarizes several unpublished studies, and suggests a set of guidelines for future evaluations of special and conventional amplification systems.

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