Effect of cognitive impairment on risk of death in Hispanic/Latino adults over the age of 50 residing in the United States with and without diabetes: Data from the Health and Retirement Study 1995–2014

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Martinez ◽  
Aprill Z. Dawson ◽  
Kevin Lu ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Leonard E. Egede
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
Retirement Study

scholarly journals Same-Sex Couples and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ning Hsieh ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Kenneth M Langa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives We provide the first nationally representative population-based study of cognitive disparities among same-sex and different-sex couples in the United States. Methods We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016). The sample included 23,669 respondents (196 same-sex partners and 23,473 different-sex partners) aged 50 and older who contributed to 85,117 person-period records (496 from same-sex partners and 84,621 from different-sex partners). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Mixed-effects discrete-time hazard regression models were estimated to predict the odds of cognitive impairment. Results The estimated odds of cognitive impairment were 78% (p < .01) higher for same-sex partners than for different-sex partners. This disparity was mainly explained by differences in marital status and, to a much lesser extent, by differences in physical and mental health. Specifically, a significantly higher proportion of same-sex partners than different-sex partners were cohabiting rather than legally married (72.98% vs. 5.42% in the study sample), and cohabitors had a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than their married counterparts (odds ratio = 1.53, p < .001). Discussion The findings indicate that designing and implementing public policies and programs that work to eliminate societal homophobia, especially among older adults, is a critical step in reducing the elevated risk of cognitive impairment among older same-sex couples.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease and cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson L. Covello ◽  
Leora I. Horwitz ◽  
Shreya Singhal ◽  
Caroline S. Blaum ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background We sought to examine whether people with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) experienced a greater incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment (CI) compared to people without CVD, as suggested by prior studies, using a large longitudinal cohort. Methods We employed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data collected biennially from 1998 to 2014 in 1305 U.S. adults age ≥ 65 newly diagnosed with CVD vs. 2610 age- and gender-matched controls. Diagnosis of CVD was adjudicated with an established HRS methodology and included self-reported coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or other heart conditions. CI was defined as a score < 11 on the 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We examined incidence of CI over an 8-year period using a cumulative incidence function accounting for the competing risk of death. Results Mean age at study entry was 73 years, 55% were female, and 13% were non-white. Cognitive impairment developed in 1029 participants over 8 years. The probability of death over the study period was greater in the CVD group (19.8% vs. 13.8%, absolute difference 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 9.7%). The cumulative incidence analysis, which adjusted for the competing risk of death, showed no significant difference in likelihood of cognitive impairment between the CVD and control groups (29.7% vs. 30.6%, absolute difference − 0.9, 95% confidence interval − 5.6 to 3.7%). This finding did not change after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics using a proportional subdistribution hazard regression model. Conclusions Overall, we found no increased risk of subsequent CI among participants with CVD (compared with no CVD), despite previous studies indicating that incident CVD accelerates cognitive decline.

Cardiovascular Disease and Cumulative Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in The Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Covello ◽  
Leora Horwitz ◽  
Shreya Singhal ◽  
Caroline Blaum ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background: We sought to examine whether people with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) experienced a greater incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment (CI) compared to people without CVD, as suggested by prior studies, using a large longitudinal cohort. Methods: We employed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data collected biennially from 1998-2014 in 1,305 U.S. adults age ≥65 newly diagnosed with CVD vs. 2,610 age- and gender-matched controls. Diagnosis of CVD was adjudicated with an established HRS methodology and included self-reported coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or other heart conditions. CI was defined as a score <11 on the 27-point modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We examined incidence of CI over an 8-year period using a cumulative incidence function accounting for the competing risk of death.Results: Mean age at study entry was 73 years, 55% were female, and 13% were non-white. Cognitive impairment developed in 1,029 participants over 8 years. The probability of death over the study period was greater in the CVD group (19.8% vs. 13.8%, p <.001). The cumulative incidence analysis, which adjusted for the competing risk of death, showed no significant difference in likelihood of cognitive impairment between the CVD and control groups (29.7% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.64). This finding did not change after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics using a proportional subdistribution hazard regression model.Conclusions: Overall, we found no increased risk of subsequent CI among participants with CVD (compared with no CVD), despite previous studies indicating that incident CVD accelerates cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption in Later Life and Mortality in the United States: Results from 9 Waves of the Health and Retirement Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Esteban Calvo ◽  
Katherine A. Ornstein ◽  
Caroline Rutherford ◽  
Matthew P. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Retirement Study
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