Chapter 9 explores the diversity of electoral practices, laws, and regulations across 50 U.S. states and thousands of localities. The chapter starts by laying out guidelines for assessing how federalism affects electoral integrity, both in cross-national perspective and in the U.S. case. The argument itself is rather simple: the impact of federalism varies because federalism itself can be designed in many different ways and because the impact of these arrangements is also affected by the broader institutional setting. Though simple, the consequences of the argument are more complex: federalism does indeed weigh upon electoral integrity, but its significance must be appreciated in the context of the country under consideration. The chapter offers a general survey on the relationship between federalism and electoral integrity and draws evidence from selected cases of federalism in the Americas—specifically from Canada, Mexico, and Brazil—for comparison with the United States.
Retirement in Japan and the United States: Cross-National Comparisons Using the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) and the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
