Imaging Single Enzyme Molecules under In Situ Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (30) ◽  
pp. 5542-5544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Baier ◽  
Ulrich Stimming
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Single Enzyme

scholarly journals Rock Surface Fungi in Deep Continental Biosphere—Exploration of Microbial Community Formation with Subsurface In Situ Biofilm Trap

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Maija Nuppunen-Puputti ◽  
Riikka Kietäväinen ◽  
Lotta Purkamo ◽  
Pauliina Rajala ◽  
Merja Itävaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in the deep continental biosphere and the ability of deep subsurface fungi to attach to rock surfaces under in situ conditions in groundwater at 500 and 967 m depth in Precambrian bedrock. We present an in situ subsurface biofilm trap, designed to reveal sessile microbial communities on rock surface in deep continental groundwater, using Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole, in eastern Finland, as a test site. The observed fungal phyla in Outokumpu subsurface were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, significant proportion of the community represented unclassified Fungi. Sessile fungal communities on mica schist surfaces differed from the planktic fungal communities. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Biofilm formation on rock surfaces is a slow process and our results indicate that fungal and bacterial communities dominate the early surface attachment process, when pristine mineral surfaces are exposed to deep subsurface ecosystems. Various fungi showed statistically significant cross-kingdom correlation with both thiosulfate and sulfate reducing bacteria, e.g., SRB2 with fungi Debaryomyces hansenii.

scholarly journals Discrete element analysis of the punching behaviour of a secured drapery system: from laboratory characterization to idealized in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pol ◽  
Fabio Gabrieli ◽  
Lorenzo Brezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Wire Meshes

AbstractIn this work, the mechanical response of a steel wire mesh panel against a punching load is studied starting from laboratory test conditions and extending the results to field applications. Wire meshes anchored with bolts and steel plates are extensively used in rockfall protection and slope stabilization. Their performances are evaluated through laboratory tests, but the mechanical constraints, the geometry and the loading conditions may strongly differ from the in situ conditions leading to incorrect estimations of the strength of the mesh. In this work, the discrete element method is used to simulate a wire mesh. After validation of the numerical mesh model against experimental data, the punching behaviour of an anchored mesh panel is investigated in order to obtain a more realistic characterization of the mesh mechanical response in field conditions. The dimension of the punching element, its position, the anchor plate size and the anchor spacing are varied, providing analytical relationships able to predict the panel response in different loading conditions. Furthermore, the mesh panel aspect ratio is analysed showing the existence of an optimal value. The results of this study can provide useful information to practitioners for designing secured drapery systems, as well as for the assessment of their safety conditions.

scholarly journals In Silico Hemostasis Modeling and Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 524-535
Author(s):  
Dmitry Y. Nechipurenko ◽  
Aleksey M. Shibeko ◽  
Anastasia N. Sveshnikova ◽  
Mikhail A. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Single Enzyme

AbstractComputational physiology, i.e., reproduction of physiological (and, by extension, pathophysiological) processes in silico, could be considered one of the major goals in computational biology. One might use computers to simulate molecular interactions, enzyme kinetics, gene expression, or whole networks of biochemical reactions, but it is (patho)physiological meaning that is usually the meaningful goal of the research even when a single enzyme is its subject. Although exponential rise in the use of computational and mathematical models in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis began in the 1980s (first for blood coagulation, then for platelet adhesion, and finally for platelet signal transduction), the majority of their successful applications are still focused on simulating the elements of the hemostatic system rather than the total (patho)physiological response in situ. Here we discuss the state of the art, the state of the progress toward the efficient “virtual thrombus formation,” and what one can already get from the existing models.

scholarly journals Michaelis-Menten for single enzyme molecules

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Allison Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Single Enzyme

scholarly journals Relating Induced in Situ Conditions of Raw Chicken Breast Meat to Pinking

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Holownia ◽  
M.S. Chinnan ◽  
A.E. Reynolds ◽  
JW Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat

scholarly journals A microscopic approach to investigate bacteria under in situ conditions in sea-ice samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Junge ◽  
Christopher Krembs ◽  
Jody Deming ◽  
Aaron Stierle ◽  
Hajo Eicken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Stain

AbstractMicrobial populations and activity within sea ice have been well described based on bulk measurements from melted sea-ice samples. However, melting destroys the micro-environments within the ice matrix and does not allow for examination of microbial populations at a spatial scale relevant to the organism. Here, we describe the development of a new method allowing for microscopic observations of bacteria localized within the three-dimensional network of brine inclusions in sea ice under in situ conditions. Conventional bacterial staining procedures, using the DNA-specific fluorescent stain DAPI, epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis, were adapted to examine bacteria and their associations with various surfaces within microtomed sections of sea ice at temperatures from −2° to −15°C. The utility and sensitivity of the method were demonstrated by analyzing artificial sea-ice preparations of decimal dilutions of a known bacterial culture. When applied to natural, particle-rich sea ice, the method allowed distinction between bacteria and particles at high magnification. At lower magnifications, observations of bacteria could be combined with those of other organisms and with morphology and particle content of the pore space. The method described here may ultimately aid in discerning constraints on microbial life at extremely low temperatures.

Trial applications at gymnasiums of in-situ sound absorption measurement method by ensemble averaging technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4532-4537
Author(s):  
Toru Otsuru ◽  
Reiji Tomiku ◽  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Siwat Lawanwadeekul
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Absorption Measurement ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Averaging Technique ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Measurement Consistency ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

The authors have been published a series of papers on a measurement method for sound absorption characteristics of materials using ensemble averaging technique, i.e., EA method. The papers' results included measurement mechanisms, measurement uncertainty, and so on. Herein, to examine adaptability, especially in in-situ conditions, the EA method is applied to measure absorption characteristics of materials installed in two gymnasiums. A glass-wool panel with the dimension of 0.5 m by 0.5 m by 0.05 m and with the density of 32 kg m^-3 was brought around and measured to check the measurement consistency. Several measurements were conducted during badminton plays were undergoing. Measured sound absorption coefficients revealed that most results agree well with those measured in reverberation rooms. Certain improvement is necessary for the specimen brought to the in-situ measurement to keep the consistency. The inconsistency is considered to originate from unstable conditions between the specimen and floor.

Mechanics of Geological Materials

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rock Fracture ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Needed advances in various areas of energy resource recovery, underground construction, earthquake hazard reduction, and conventional and nuclear defense depend critically on the development of improved theories for mechanical and thermal behavior of geological materials. The areas include oil and gas (including off-shore and Arctic production), mining and in situ recovery, geothermal production, nuclear waste isolation, under-ocean tunneling, underground storage, nuclear test containment, and effects of surface explosions. The needed developments, some of which are detailed in earlier National Academy of Science reports, include constitutive theories for inelastic deformation, failure, and post-failure behavior, influence of microstructure and macrostructure, rock fracture (direct breakage, hydraulic fracture explosive fracture), frictional sliding, soil liquefaction, mechanics of ice, determination of in situ conditions, flow through porous media, and thermal effects. Advances in mechanics of geological materials will require adaptation of some established techniques in rheology, metal plasticity, composite materials, mixtures, etc., and also the development of some entirely new ideas and methods. The complicated nature of rocks and soils, the wide ranges of stress, temperature, strain rate, etc., the interactions encountered in geotechnical processes, and the vastly different dimensions and time scales involved, lead to a host of challenging problems in solid mechanics.

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