Enhanced Synthesis of Fatty-Acid Methyl Ester using Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluents and Immobilized Palm Lipase

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisa Paichid ◽  
Tewan Yunu ◽  
Sappasith Klomklao ◽  
Poonsuk Prasertsan ◽  
Kanokphorn Sangkharak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Synthesis through Transesterification of Palm Oil with Methanol in Microchannels: Flow Pattern and Reaction Kinetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 3628-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoda Wang ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Qinglian Wang ◽  
Zhixian Huang ◽  
Jianyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Palm Oil-based Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Biodiesel to Meet High Blending Rates in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 550-557
Author(s):  
Mahendran Subramaniam ◽  
Shamsul Sarip ◽  
Abdul Yasser Abd. Fatah ◽  
Hazilah Mad Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
The Government

Palm oil methyl ester (PME) is a form of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) which in principle is biodiesel. Malaysia could greatly leverage the abundance of PME sources given its status as a palm oil-producing country. In this paper, palm oil is evaluated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock and its derivatives’ vast use in the domestic market but limited use in other regions. In order to create a growth market of PME, Malaysia has introduced an increase of PME blend component in its nation’s biodiesel use for transport and industrial sectors. A phased increase from 5% to the latest of 20% PME blend in biodiesel certainly has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while creating a boost to the local market. However, the government must be careful in managing subsidies of conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel, as this would have an eventual effect on the supply chain of biodiesel in Malaysia. There are limited studies on diesel fuel physicochemical characteristics that are used as base-stock for the biodiesel blend and whether it could be manipulated to maximise yield while maintaining conformance to mandated fuel standards. Multiple relevant research papers were studied of its relevance to PME use as biodiesel FAME to meet high blending rates in Malaysia.

Effect of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester on Fuel-Injector Wear Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
M. Jamshaid ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
A. Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Acid Methyl

This paper presents the experimental results carried out to evaluate the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained from cotton-seed oil and palm oil on fuel-injector wear characteristics. The cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) and palm oil methyl ester (POME) were produced in the laboratory using alkaline transesterification. Gas chromatography based on 'BS EN 14103:2011' standard was used to analyze the percentage of fatty acids in COME and POME. The physicochemical properties of the two methyl esters were measured based on ASTM and EN standards. Various unique blends using cottonseed–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) were tested. Thirteen (13) different types of fuel blends were prepared from COME, POME, and petroleum diesel fuel (DF100). The wear and lubricity characteristics were measured using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) based on ASTM D6079 standard. The worn surfaces of the specimen plates were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The COME100, POME100, and CPME100 showed excellent lubricity properties for the fuel injector in terms of lower COF and wear coefficient when compared with DF100. COME100, POME100 and CPME100 showed lower average COF compared to DF100 by 16.9%, 13.9% and 16.1%, respectively. This may be due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the methyl esters composition. Consequently, the fatty acid methyl esters can be used to reduce the friction and wear of the fuel injectors due to the improvement in the tribological properties of the fuel.

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