Automatic drug infusion control based on metaheuristic H 2 optimal theory for regulating the mean arterial blood pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Pachauri ◽  
Ghousiya Begum K
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Optimal Theory ◽  
The Mean

Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2391-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuse ◽  
Y. Fukuchi ◽  
T. Suruda ◽  
T. Nagase ◽  
Y. Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

Effect of cold exposure on resistance to hemorrhage in dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Kuhn ◽  
Lot B. Page ◽  
John K. Turner ◽  
Julian Frieden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Minor

Effects of progressive hemorrhage during severe cold exposure were studied in 17 unanesthetized dogs. The amount of blood required to be withdrawn to reduce the mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg by a standardized bleeding procedure was determined in the same animals at air temperatures of +25°C and –25°C. Cold-exposed dogs showed a statistically significant increased ‘resistance’ to hemorrhage in that an average withdrawal of 20% more blood was required to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to shock levels in the cold than in the same dogs at comfortable temperature. In six animals it was necessary to draw a minor, but measurably greater, amount of blood from a given dog to produce hypotension during cold exposure than when the procedure was performed at a comfortable temperature and, in two animals, a minor, but measurably less, amount of blood was withdrawn during cold exposure. In seven animals a significantly greater amount of blood was drawn in the cold than in a neutral environment, but in some of these animals the control bleeding was apparently substandard. In two animals the control bleedings were in the normal range and bleedings were substandard in the cold. Cortisone administration did not alter resistance to hemorrhage during cold exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions under hypo- or normotensive hypovolaemia in the rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bojanowska ◽  
B Stempniak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions

To date, glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (tGLP-1) has been found to affect the neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions in normotensive and normovolaemic rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of tGLP-1 on the mean arterial blood pressure and the release of vasopressin and oxytocin under conditions of blood volume depletion in the rat. In the first series of experiments, the animals were injected i.p. with either 0.15 M saline or 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG caused an 18% reduction of blood volume 1 h after injection. No significant changes in the mean arterial blood pressure were found in either normo- or hypovolaemic rats during the experiment. tGLP-1 injected i.c.v. at a dose of 1 microg/5 microl 1 h after the i.p. injection increased similarly the arterial blood pressure in normo- and hypovolaemic rats. The plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations were markedly elevated in hypovolaemic animals and tGLP-1 further augmented the release of both hormones. In the second study, hypovolaemia was induced by double blood withdrawal. The haemorrhage resulted in a marked decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure and in the elevated plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations. tGLP-1 injected immediately after the second blood withdrawal increased the arterial blood pressure. In parallel, tGLP-1 enhanced significantly vasopressin and oxytocin secretion when compared with haemorrhaged, saline-injected rats. The results of this study indicate that tGLP-1 may affect the arterial blood pressure and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones under pathological conditions brought about by blood volume depletion.

Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow in Dogs at Normal Body Temperature and at 27°C

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Chapman ◽  
W. R. Withey ◽  
K. A. Munday
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

1. Dogs cooled to 27°C were compared with control dogs maintained at 38°C. The mean arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were lower in the hypothermic animals. 2. The relation between mean arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow was investigated. Autoregulation of renal blood flow occurred in the kidneys of normothermic and hypothermic animals. Thus the reduction in renal blood flow during hypothermia is not due simply to the fall in mean arterial blood pressure. 3. Similarities between recordings of renal blood flow obtained at 38°C and 27°C suggest that its autoregulation occurs by the same mechanism at the two temperatures. 4. Autoregulation of renal blood flow occurred in hypothermic kidneys in the presence of a cold-induced vasoconstriction. The observed responses to cold and to alterations in mean arterial blood pressure may take place in different areas of the renal vasculature.

The relationship between the elevated blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the chemical sensitivity of smooth muscle to adrenergic agents

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Laher ◽  
Chris Triggle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Smooth Muscle ◽  
Tail Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and the sensitivity of a variety of isolated smooth muscle preparations to noradrenaline were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, and a number of genetically related animals obtained by cross-breeding SHR and WKY (F1, F2, and F3; and "backcrossod" strains BC1(S) and BC1(W)). The major objective of this study was to determine whether there was a clear relationship between the postsynaptic sensitivity of smooth muscle to noradrenaline and the blood pressure of the animal and, in addition, determine how neuronal uptake1 activity could modify postsynaptic sensitivity. The mean arterial blood pressure profile of the animals studied was for the 6- to 8-week animals: SHR > F1 > WKY; for the 12- to 16-week group: SHR = BC1(S) > F1 > BC1(W) > WKY; and for the > 52 week group: SHR > BC1(S) = F1 > BC1(W) > WKY [F1 obtained from SHR × WKY; BC1(S) = SHR × F1; BC1(W) = WKY × F1]. With the exception of the aorta from F1 animals, the noradrenaline mean effective dose (ED50) recorded from thoracic aortae, tail artery, portal vein, and anococcygeus tissues were not significantly different. After a 20-min pretreatment of tissues from 12- to 16-week rats (but not from 6- to 8-week rats) with 4 × 10−5 M cocaine, there was a significantly greater leftward shift, as indicated by the noradrenaline ED50 before: noradrenaline ED50 after cocaine ratio, in the tail artery preparation from the SHR compared with the WKY; however, no significant differences in the ED50 ratios were noted for the thoracic aorta, the portal vein, or the anococcygeus tissues. In addition, there was a good correlation, r = 0.59, between the mean arterial blood pressure of the SHR and related rats, and the ED50 ratio in the tail artery preparation but less so in other tissues: portal vein, 0.09; anococcygeus, 0.33. The results from the older >52-week group of rats again revealed similar noradrenaline ED50 values for the thoracic aorta, tail artery, portal vein, and anococcygeus tissues prior to cocaine treatment, and after cocaine treatment there was, with the exception of aortic tissues, a good correlation between the mean arterial blood pressure of the rat and the noradrenaline ED50 ratio in the tail artery, r = 0.60; with lower r values for portal vein (0.47) and anococcygeus (0.33). The present findings indicate that innervated arterial smooth muscle, as represented by the tail artery from >52-week SHR, has an elevated postjunctional sensitivity to noradrenaline which is masked by an elevated uptake1 activity; the ED50 ratio for the tail artery preparation from the 12- to 16-week animals is also higher in the SHR than WKY, suggesting elevated uptake1 activity; but the postjunctional sensitivity, after cocaine, is similar for SHR, F1, and WKY. No such differences, in either age group, are noted in the noninnervated thoracic aorta preparation. A comparison of the results from portal vein and anococcygeus indicates no significant differences in tissue sensitivity prior to cocaine treatment, but an elevated uptake1 activity in both portal vein and anococcygeus and elevated postjunctional sensitivity in the anococcygeus from SHR of the >52 weeks, but not the 12- to 16-weck group. Thus, elevated uptake1 activity is present at an earlier age in arterial smooth muscle from SHR than in venous or nonvascular smooth muscle, indicating selective changes occur in uptake1 in the arterial smooth muscle of the SHR prior to changes in nonarterial smooth muscle.

scholarly journals The COMPARISON BETWEEN HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE PLUS FENTANYL AND HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE ALONE IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-36
Author(s):  
Fatima Iqbal ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed Faridi ◽  
Aisha Saeed ◽  
Inamullah Shah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare the result of the combination of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus fentanyl with hyperbaric bupivacaine alone in patients undergoing caesarean section in spinal anaesthesia. Study Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2017 to Jun 2018. Methodology: After consulting the institutional ethical review committees a total of 60 females between ages 18-40 years were enrolled for caesarean section delivery. They were divided into two groups. The study group (n=30) received a subarachnoid injection of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10mg) 2ml with 25ug of fentanyl 0.5ml and control group (n=30) was injected 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5mg (2.5 ml) only. Pain experienced during the procedure was assessed by using 10-point visual analogue scoring method. The mean duration of analgesia, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate after surgery were compared between two groups. Results: The mean duration of analgesia was 206.5/min ± 6.4 in the study group and it was 163.6min ± 7.2 in the control group (p=0.001). Mean arterial BP after surgery was 92.3mmHg ± 3.8 in the study group and 88.7mmHg ± 4.1 in the control group (p=0.001). The mean heart rate recorded after surgery was 75.2/min ± 5.2 in the study group and it was 70.4/min ± 6.1 in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusions: The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in the study group when compared with the control group with better mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate response after Caesarean section.

Physostigmine and L-arginine on the mean arterial blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Milica Prostran ◽  
Z. Todorović ◽  
V.M. Varagić ◽  
Sladjana Dronjak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
The Mean
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