A new approach to chemically modified carboxymethyl chitosan and study of its moisture-absorption and moisture-retention abilities

2006 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1303-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Sun ◽  
Yu-Min Du ◽  
Xiao-Wen Shi ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jian-Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Chemically Modified

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Viscose Rayon/O-carboxymethyl Chitosan Antibacterial Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbo Di ◽  
Guoqiang Long ◽  
Huiqin Zhang ◽  
Qingshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Viscose Rayon ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Cellulose Xanthate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Infrared Scanning ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Viscose Process ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

Antimicrobial viscose rayon/O-carboxymethyl chitosan fibers (VCMFs) were manufactured by spinning the mixture of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) xanthate and cellulose xanthate via the viscose process. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and tensile test. The results show that the blend fibers of cellulose and O-CMCS were satisfactorily prepared and the two polymers were mixed homogeneously. VCMFs display striation along the fiber similar to those of viscose rayon fibers, and their mechanical properties are close to that of viscose rayon. With O-CMCS blended, VCMFs showed good moisture absorption and antibacterial activity against E.coli.

scholarly journals Investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on moisture retention in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Goel ◽  
Vijay Shankar ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Purpose Mulching is a practice recommended for soil moisture conservation in potato. The wheat straw and rice straw obtained as major crop residues were used as mulching materials to compare their effectiveness for soil moisture retention in potato crop. Methods The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice with three treatments viz. plots incorporated with wheat straw mulch, rice straw mulch at the rate of 10 tonnes per hectare each and no mulch serving as control. The soil moisture was determined using a soil moisture probe and data were recorded daily at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate moisture retention characteristics of the mulch materials. Results Soil moisture retention varied as wheat straw mulch > rice straw mulch > no mulch at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Highest moisture retention in wheat straw mulch at 10 cm depth is attributed to better moisture absorption ability of wheat straw in comparison to rice straw. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated the presence of smaller sized micro tubes in wheat straw than rice straw, which resulted in more water retention, thereby substantiating the findings of the study. Conclusion Wheat straw mulch is more effective than rice straw mulch for shallow rooted crops like potato, due to better moisture absorption and retention in upper soil layer.

scholarly journals Prime editing primarily induces undesired outcomes in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Aida ◽  
Jonathan J. Wilde ◽  
Lixin Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Hou ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Large Deletions

SummaryGenome editing has transformed biomedical science, but is still unpredictable and often induces undesired outcomes. Prime editing (PE) is a promising new approach due to its proposed flexibility and ability to avoid unwanted indels. Here, we show highly efficient PE-mediated genome editing in mammalian zygotes. Utilizing chemically modified guideRNAs, PE efficiently introduced 10 targeted modifications including substitutions, deletions, and insertions across 6 genes in mouse embryos. However, we unexpectedly observed a high frequency of undesired outcomes such as large deletions and found that these occurred more often than pure intended edits across all of the edits/genes. We show that undesired outcomes result from the double-nicking PE3 strategy, but that omission of the second nick largely ablates PE function. However, sequential double-nicking with PE3b, which is only applicable to a fraction of edits, eliminated undesired outcomes. Overall, our findings demonstrate the promising potential of PE for predictable, flexible, and highly efficient in vivo genome editing, but highlight the need for improved variations of PE before it is ready for widespread use.

A new approach to treat tissue destruction in periodontitis with chemically modified dextran polymers

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Escartin ◽  
C. Lallam‐Laroye ◽  
B. Baroukh ◽  
F. O. Morvan ◽  
J. P. Caruelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Chemically Modified

A new approach to nucleation of cavitation bubbles at chemically modified surfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 8015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Belova ◽  
Dmitry G. Shchukin ◽  
Dmitry A. Gorin ◽  
Alexey Kopyshev ◽  
Helmuth Möhwald
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Cavitation Bubbles ◽  
Chemically Modified Surfaces ◽  
Modified Surfaces

Electrospinning of 100% Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanofibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Sohofi ◽  
Hossein Tavanai ◽  
Mohammad Morshed ◽  
Amir Abdolmaleki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
High Porosity

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), one of the most important chitosan derivatives, is synthesized by alkalization of chitosan, followed by carboxymethylation. CMC has higher moisture absorption and moisture retention, higher chelating and sorption abilities as well as better biological properties than chitosan. Polymeric nanofibrous mats produced through electrospinning have high specific surface area and high porosity which are beneficial for various applications. Up to present time, the electrospinning of CMC has only been possible by the addition of polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene oxide. The present study focuses on the electrospinning of 100% CMC. It was found that the solution of CMC (5–6%) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was electrospinnable, producing nanofibers containing some beads. However, adding dichloromethane (DCM) to TFA made the electrospinning uniform, and bead-free CMC nanofibers with an average diameter of 260 nm was possible. This study shows that viscosity and surface tension of the electrospinning solution of CMC plays an important role in making CMC solution electrospinnable.

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