Development of myodural bridge located within the atlanto‐occipital interspace of rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua‐Xun Lai ◽  
Jian‐Fei Zhang ◽  
Ting‐Wei Song ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myodural Bridge

scholarly journals Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Sheng-bo Yu ◽  
Yan-yan Chi ◽  
Guang-yuan Tan ◽  
Bao-cheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gentoo Penguin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Dense Connective Tissue ◽  
Myodural Bridge ◽  
Histological Staining

AbstractRecent studies have evidenced that the anatomical structure now known as the myodural bridge (MDB) connects the suboccipital musculature to the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM). In humans, the MDB passes through both the posterior atlanto-occipital and the posterior atlanto-axial interspaces. The present authors suggest that the MDB has important physiological functions in humans. The existence of the MDB in various mammals, including flying birds (Rock pigeons and Gallus domesticus) has been previously validated. Gentoo penguins are marine birds, able to make 450 dives per day, reaching depths of up to 660 feet. Gentoo penguins are also the world’s fastest diving birds. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the existence and characteristics of the MDB in Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), a non-flying, marine bird that can dive. While foraging, this penguin is able to reach speeds of up to 22 miles per hour. For this study, six Gentoo penguin specimens were dissected to observe the existence and composition of their MDB. Histological staining was also performed to analyze the anatomic relationships and characteristic of the MDB in the Gentoo penguin. In this study, it was found that the suboccipital musculature in the Gentoo penguin consists of the rectus capitis dorsalis minor (RCDmi) muscle and rectus capitis dorsalis major (RCDma) muscle. Dense connective tissue fibers were observed connecting these two suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater (SDM). This dense connective tissue bridge consists of primarily type I collagen fibers. Thus, this penguin’s MDB appears to be analogous to the MDB previously observed in humans. The present study evidences that the MDB not only exists in penguins but it also has unique features that distinguishes it from that of flying birds. Thus, this study advances the understanding of the morphological characteristics of the MDB in flightless, marine birds.

scholarly journals The myodural bridge existing in the Nephocaena phocaenoides

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Liu ◽  
Chan Li ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Sheng-Bo Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myodural Bridge

Orientation and property of fibers of the myodural bridge in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Yan-Yan Chi ◽  
Xiao-Han Yang ◽  
Nan-Xing Wang ◽  
Yi-Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myodural Bridge

Patterns of attachment of the myodural bridge by the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Yuan ◽  
Sheng-Bo Yu ◽  
Yun-Fei Li ◽  
Yan-Yan Chi ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myodural Bridge ◽  
Minor Muscle

scholarly journals Occipital-Dural Muscle: A Specialized Myodural Bridge in Narrow-Ridge Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena Asiaorientalis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Xi Zhang ◽  
Jin Gong ◽  
Sheng-Bo Yu ◽  
Chan Li ◽  
Jing-Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Narrow Ridge ◽  
Myodural Bridge

Abstract A dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. Recent studies have revealed that the MDB confirmed a universal existing normal anatomical structure in mammals which is considered being significant in physiological functions. Our previous investigations have confirmed the existence of MDB in the finless porpoises. We conduct this research to expound the specificity of the MDB in Neophocana asiaeorientalis (N.asiaeorientalis). Five carcasses of N.asiaeorientalis with formalin fixation were used for this study. Two were used for head and neck CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction, and dissection of suboccipital region. One was used for P45 plastinated sheets observation. One was for histological analysis of suboccipital region. One was for Scanning electron microscopic study. The results showed that the MDB in N.asiaeorientalis is an independent muscle originated from the caudal border of occiput, directly extended through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace and connected with the cervical spinal dura mater. Thus the MDB in N.asiaeorientalis is an independent and specialized muscle. Based on the origin and termination of this muscle, we could name it as ‘Occipital-Dural Muscle’. And the direct pull on the cervical spinal dura mater might affect the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by altering the volume of subarachnoid space of spine.

The myodural bridge complex defined as a new functional structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Beom Sun Chung ◽  
Yi-Lin Li ◽  
Tai-Yuan Liu ◽  
Lan-Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
Myodural Bridge

scholarly journals The morphology, biomechanics, and physiological function of the suboccipital myodural connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
De-Zheng Gong ◽  
Xing-Yi Li ◽  
Jing-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Anatomic Dissection ◽  
Myodural Bridge ◽  
Collagenous Fibers

AbstractThe myodural bridge (MDB) connects the suboccipital musculature to the spinal dura mater (SDM) as it passed through the posterior atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial interspaces. Although the actual function of the MDB is not understood at this time, it has recently been proposed that head movement may assist in powering the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via muscular tension transmitted to the SDM via the MDB. But there is little information about it. The present study utilized dogs as the experimental model to explore the MDB’s effects on the CSF pressure (CSFP) during stimulated contractions of the suboccipital muscles as well as during manipulated movements of the atlanto-occiptal and atlanto-axial joints. The morphology of MDB was investigated by gross anatomic dissection and by histological observation utilizing both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally biomechanical tensile strength tests were conducted. Functionally, the CSFP was analyzed during passive head movements and electrical stimulation of the suboccipital muscles, respectively. The MDB was observed passing through both the dorsal atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial interspaces of the canine and consisted of collagenous fibers. The tensile strength of the collagenous fibers passing through the dorsal atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial interspaces were 0.16 ± 0.04 MPa and 0.82 ± 0.57 MPa, respectively. Passive head movement, including lateral flexion, rotation, as well as flexion–extension, all significantly increased CSFP. Furthermore, the CSFP was significantly raised from 12.41 ± 4.58 to 13.45 ± 5.16 mmHg when the obliques capitis inferior (OCI) muscles of the examined specimens were electrically stimulated. This stimulatory effect was completely eliminated by severing the myodural bridge attachments to the OCI muscle. Head movements appeared to be an important factor affecting CSF pressure, with the MDB of the suboccipital muscles playing a key role this process. The present study provides direct evidence to support the hypothesis that the MDB may be a previously unappreciated significant power source (pump) for CSF circulation.

The morphology of the suboccipital region in snakes, and the anatomical and functional diversity of the myodural bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryson Grondel ◽  
Michael Cramberg ◽  
Skye Greer ◽  
Bruce A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Myodural Bridge

Histological analysis of the rectus capitis posterior major's myodural bridge

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Scali ◽  
Matthew E. Pontell ◽  
Dennis E. Enix ◽  
Ewarld Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Myodural Bridge

Existence and features of the myodural bridge in Gallus domesticus: indication of its important physiological function

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ru Dou ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Chukwuemeka Samuel Okoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Myodural Bridge
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