Mapping risk perceptions in dynamic risk‐taking environments

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased engagement in risk-taking behaviors. The present study aimed to further our knowledge regarding the extent and the reasons for the association between ADHD symptoms and risk-taking, using a theory-driven behavioral economy theory. The Domain Specific Risk-Taking scale was used, on which 244 adults rated the likelihood of engagement in a range of risky behaviors, across five real life domains, as well as the magnitude of perceived benefit and risk they ascribed to these behaviors. Level of ADHD symptoms was positively correlated with engagement in risky behaviors and benefit perception, but not with risk perception. Mediation analysis confirmed that benefit perception, but not risk perception, mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and engagement in risk-taking behaviors (Fig. 1). These findings emphasize the role of benefit perception in facilitating risk-taking by people with ADHD symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Perception of Risk for Older Adults: Differences in Evaluations for Self versus Others and across Risk Domains

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000494352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 547-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jonathan J. Rolison ◽

Yaniv Hanoch ◽

Alexandra M. Freund

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Decision Making ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Negative Stereotypes ◽

Perceptions Of Risk ◽

Social Risks ◽

Younger Age ◽

Social Partners ◽

Surrogate Decision

Background and Objectives: Proxy decision-making may be flawed by inaccurate perceptions of risk. This may be particularly true when older adults are the targets of the decisions, given the pervasive negative stereotypes about older adults. Methods: In study 1, individuals aged 18- to 87 years (as target persons) as well as one of their close social partners (as informants) reported on the risks they perceived for the target person in various life domains. Study 2 additionally explored potential differences in how people make risky decisions on behalf of younger and older adult targets. Younger (age 18–35 years) and older (age 60–81 years) adults (as target persons of the risk evaluations) as well as informants reported on risk perceptions and the likelihood of risk-taking for health, financial, and social scenarios concerning the target persons. Congruence between self-rated and informant-rated risk perceptions and risk-taking were computed on a dyadic as well as a group level. Results: Informants’ risk perceptions were positively associated with the risks their partners perceived for themselves. Informants and their partners agreed that social risks vary little across adulthood, but they disagreed in terms of recreational, financial, and health risks, and in terms of the decisions they would make. Conclusion: Family members, partners, and close friends are sensitive to vulnerabilities of their social partners, but in some domains and according to their partners’ age they perceive a greater (or smaller) risk than their partners perceive for themselves. In situations requiring surrogate decision-making, people may decide differently from how their social partners would decide for themselves.

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Optimal Dynamic Risk Taking

Mathematics of Operations Research ◽

10.1287/moor.2016.0819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 599-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ajay Subramanian ◽

Baozhong Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Dynamic Risk ◽

Optimal Dynamic

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Relationships between risk-taking behaviour and subsequent risk perceptions

British Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1348/000712605x36703 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 155-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Stephen L. Brown

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Subsequent Risk

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When Trust Goes Wrong: A Social Identity Model of Risk Taking

10.31234/osf.io/5fwre ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tegan Cruwys ◽

Katharine Helen Greenaway ◽

Laura J Ferris ◽

Joanne Rathbone ◽

Alexander K Saeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Group Membership ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Social Identification ◽

Total N ◽

Basic Premise ◽

Identity Model ◽

Group Memberships

Risk taking is typically viewed through a lens of individual deficits (e.g., impulsivity) or normative influence (e.g., peer pressure). An unexplored possibility is that shared group membership, and the trust that flows from it, may play a role in reducing risk perceptions and promoting risky behavior. We propose and test a Social Identity Model of Risk Taking in eight studies (total N = 4,708) that employ multiple methods including minimal group paradigms, correlational, longitudinal, and experimental designs to investigate the effect of shared social identity across diverse risk contexts. Studies 1 and 2 provided evidence for the basic premise of the model, showing that ingroup members were perceived as posing lower risk and inspired greater risk taking behavior than outgroup members. Study 3 found that social identification was a moderator, such that effect of shared group membership was strongest among high identifiers. Studies 4 and 5 among festival attendees showed correlational and longitudinal evidence for the model and further that risk-taking was mediated by trust, not disgust. Study 6 manipulated the mediator and found that untrustworthy faces were trusted more and perceived as less risky when they were ingroup compared to outgroup members. Studies 7 and 8 identified integrity as the subcomponent of trust that consistently promotes greater risk taking in the presence of ingroup members. The findings reveal that a potent source of risk discounting is the group memberships we share with others. Ironically, this means the people we trust the most may sometimes pose the greatest risk.

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