Socio-Economic Challenges Affecting Construction Women Labourers (WCLs) in The Nigerian Construction Sector (NCS)

Women constitute about half of the population of Nigeria and thus a critical mass in the human capital of the country. They make significant contributions to social and economic development of the society, yet they are never appreciated nor supported by public or private institutions. Recently there have been a growing number of women in construction labour work in the Nigerian Construction Sector (NCS) - an area hitherto exclusively preserved of the male folks. This study investigates aspects of social and economic conditions of women construction labourers (WCLs) in Ondo State Southwest Nigeria. Convenience and Snowball sampling were used to sample 101 WCLs. Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The result indicates that most WCLs are low in education and skills hence they mostly participate in supportive roles that are energetic. The WCLs are exposed to multiple risks due to poor Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), welfare and social protection of Nigerian Construction Contractors (NCCs) in the informal construction sub sector of the NCS. The study recommends for the improvement and enforcement of HSE standards, welfare package and training in the NCS.

Research on Human Resource Allocation Model Based on SOM Neural Network

With the fierce competition of the enterprise market, the human resource allocation of enterprises will face multiple risks. This article takes the connotation of human resource configuration management as the research object and establishes the human resource configuration model through SOM neural network. And the model is trained, learned, and tested. What's more, it is applied to human resources management to adjust the allocation of human resources for the enterprise in a timely manner. It provides a detailed basis for proposing coping strategies and has a great application value.

The Future of Food Security, Nutrition and Health for Agri-food Systems Transformation

Global progress towards food security and nutrition has been slow in many places and even reversing in others. Against the background of changes in population, income, technology, climate, and other drivers, the pressures on food systems are daunting. When designing and rolling out future interventions towards these goals it is of vital importance to utilize foresight knowledge to anticipate, shape, and prepare for alternative possible futures. Overcoming current and emerging challenges but also seizing opportunities as they present themselves requires continued efforts to provide robust analysis to inform decision making. Here we collated the latest insights from foresight studies around three central aspects within the food system. First, consumer demand and the changes this is undergoing is a key aspect shaping the food system itself as well as nutritional and environmental outcomes. Second, distributional inequalities and trade-offs within the food system have further been identified as key challenges to tackling adverse health outcomes of the current food system. And third, amplified by the COVID crisis, enhancing the resilience of the food system that is increasingly under threat from multiple risks has risen to the top of the agenda.

Investment in Cattle-Breeding Stock

The village of Kala has large cattle holdings, totalling more than 600 animals managed in 7 herds. But cattle are held very unequally, with 2/3 of households having 10 cattle or less. A strong positive relationship exists between herd and household size, with larger households also holding greater cattle wealth per person. The chapter presents data on sales and purchases of cattle, exploring the costs of investment in breeding cattle, and returns in the form of calf production, milk, dung, and final sales value. The risks to cattle, and factors affecting yields from breeding stock, are investigated, as are the reason for variation in returns from one farmer to another. Returns are modelled over a 5-year period for four household types A, B, C, D, to demonstrate the range of outcomes. There are multiple risks to capital values embodied in breeding cattle, and the flow of returns, such as from theft, disease, and tensions between herd-owner and hired herder.

Employment and working conditions of nurses: where and how health inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Background Nurses and midwives play a critical role in the provision of care and the optimization of health services resources worldwide, which is particularly relevant during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, they can only provide quality services if their work environment provides adequate conditions to support them. Today the employment and working conditions of many nurses worldwide are precarious, and the current pandemic has prompted more visibility to the vulnerability to health-damaging factors of nurses’ globally. This desk review explores how employment relations, and employment and working conditions may be negatively affecting the health of nurses in countries such as Brazil, Croatia, India, Ireland, Italy, México, Nepal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Main body Nurses’ health is influenced by the broader social, economic, and political system and the redistribution of power relations that creates new policies regarding the labour market and the welfare state. The vulnerability faced by nurses is heightened by gender inequalities, in addition to social class, ethnicity/race (and caste), age and migrant status, that are inequality axes that explain why nurses’ workers, and often their families, are exposed to multiple risks and/or poorer health. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, informalization of nurses’ employment and working conditions were unfair and harmed their health. During COVID-19 pandemic, there is evidence that the employment and working conditions of nurses are associated to poor physical and mental health. Conclusion The protection of nurses’ health is paramount. International and national enforceable standards are needed, along with economic and health policies designed to substantially improve employment and working conditions for nurses and work–life balance. More knowledge is needed to understand the pathways and mechanisms on how precariousness might affect nurses’ health and monitor the progress towards nurses’ health equity.

Risk Assessing The Risks: Deliberations On Risk Prioritization

One of the dilemmas facing the quality risk management function is with a series of completed risk assessments and a series of multiple outcomes that require addressing, in the context of limited resources. When faced with multiple risks, how are these to be prioritized?

The Experience of Residential Care from the Perspective of Adolescents and Caregivers

Aim of the study is to provide an insight into the experience of residential care from the perspective of beneficiaries and experts. The data was collected in two male residential units. The results show that adolescents and caregivers tend to have a negative attitude toward residential care. Adolescents are even more skeptical about the purpose of treatment since they experience shortcomings in the activities and the methods of treatment, as well as monotony and stigmatization by the local community. Caregivers highlight their disappointment regarding the inadequate intervention system and the complexity of working with children with multiple risks and problems.

KONTAKTI DECE SA RODITELJIMA LIŠENIM SLOBODE

Serving a prison sentence is a challenging period, both for the person serving the sentence and for their family members, especially children. Research show that these children are exposed to multiple risks, and one of the risks is the severance of contacts, thus compromising the child’s relationship with their incarcerated parent. The subject of the paper will be the presentation of the importance and challenges in maintaining contacts and relationships between children and their incarcerated parents, as well as some programs and support services. The paper will also present how this issue is regulated in law, policies and practice in Serbia. The paper aims to point out the importance of preserving, improving, and strengthening family relations that have been broken, with an emphasis on the needs and rights of children.