THE DEVELOPMENT OF FALSE-POSITIVE OUTCOMES DURING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Jessel ◽  
Nicole L. Hausman ◽  
Jonathan D. Schmidt ◽  
Lily C. Darnell ◽  
SungWoo Kahng
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Functional Analyses

Do Functional Analyses Probe Learning Histories, Or Create Them? An Exploratory Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-216
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lambert ◽  
Nealetta J. Houchins-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Positive Functions

Abstract During functional analysis (FA), therapists arrange contingencies between potential reinforcers and problem behavior. It is unclear whether this fact, in and of itself, facilitates problem behavior's acquisition of new (false-positive) functions. If problem behavior can come under the control of contingencies contrived between it and known reinforcers for which there is no direct history, then outcomes of reinforcer analysis (RA) should perfectly predict FA outcomes. This study evaluated the degree to which RA outcomes corresponded with FA outcomes for eight participants referred to a university-based outpatient clinic for problem behavior. For 75% (6 of 8) of participants, correspondence was imperfect. These findings appear to support the construct validity of contemporary interpretations of FA data.

scholarly journals RESPONSE LATENCY AS AN INDEX OF RESPONSE STRENGTH DURING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomason-Sassi ◽  
Brian A. Iwata ◽  
Pamela L. Neidert ◽  
Eileen M. Roscoe
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Functional Analyses

Trial-Based Functional Analyses With a Student Identified With an Emotional and Behavioral Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Flanagan ◽  
Ruth M. DeBar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Collection Methods

A trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) offers several advantages beneficial for classroom settings. TBFA can be completed rapidly, requires fewer resources than traditional functional analyses (FAs), can occur in the natural environment during typically scheduled activities, and involves less intense data collection methods. However, a number of areas remain to be explored including whether TBFA can be applied to populations beyond those with developmental disorders and whether modifications typically employed in traditional FAs (e.g., idiosyncratic functions) can be applied to TBFA. The present study built upon existing research by completing TBFA with a student identified with an emotional behavioral disorder (EBD), modifying conditions to explore idiosyncratic variables that may be responsible for problem behavior, and including the classroom teacher during the TBFA.

scholarly journals The feasibility of algorithm-based ECG interpretation in remote monitoring – 53,748 recordings from the Dutch HartWacht program

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Blok ◽  
B M I Slaats ◽  
G A Somsen ◽  
I I Tulevski ◽  
L Hofstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dedicated Team

Abstract Background Symptom driven remote monitoring programs for cardiac arrhythmias hold great promise, but scalability is limited due to high additional workload for healthcare providers. The Dutch HartWacht arrhythmia program consists of a connected single lead ECG device operated remotely by the patient, an algorithm for classification and a dedicated team of specialized nurses and cardiologists for additional remote interpretation. Correct classification as sinus rhythm (SR) by the algorithm would reduce workload of the HartWacht team, as it makes double-checking redundant. Purpose We investigated agreement of the ECG-classification between the algorithm and the HartWacht team and determined feasibility of the algorithm to classify sinus rhythm (SR). Methods We investigated the algorithm accompanying a single lead, handheld ECG-device that is integrated in the Dutch HartWacht program. We retrospectively studied the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the algorithm for classifying SR on home measured 30-second single lead ECGs. We included all recordings that were classified as SR by the algorithm. We used the classification of the HartWacht team as a reference standard. Results Between April 2020 and January 2021, 1,671 patients with (suspected) arrhythmias (female = 982 (59%), mean age = 58 (±15) years, participating in the HartWacht program, recorded 53,748 ECGs, of which the algorithm interpreted 35,388 (66%) as SR, 10,899 (20%) as possible AF and 7,461 (14%) as other. All recordings were also interpreted by the HartWacht team. Compared to the classification by the team, the algorithm showed a sensitivity for SR of 0.953, specificity of 0.985, PPV of 0.996 and NPV of 0.841. A total of 137 (0,3%) ECGs from 50 (2,8%) patients showed false positive outcomes, classifying recordings as SR while the HartWacht team detected arrhythmias. In 42 of those patients, arrhythmias were detected by the algorithm in other recordings within the program. The remaining 8 (0,5%) patients made a total of 14 (<0,1%) recordings with false positive outcomes without having any other recordings with arrhythmias within the HartWacht program. Conclusion For classifying SR in home measured single lead ECGs, the algorithm and the HartWacht team showed a nearly perfect agreement. The recordings without agreement did not lead to relevant individual changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategy for the patient. Therefore, the algorithm is feasible as standalone classification. With 66% of the recordings within the HartWacht program showing SR, a corresponding workload reduction can be achieved which importantly increases scalability and cost-effectiveness of remote monitoring of arrhythmia patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The Use of Isolated and Synthesized Latency Functional Analyses in the Assessment and Treatment of Clothing Removal Exhibited by a Child with Autism

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012097444
Author(s):  
Kristopher Brown
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Function Based Intervention ◽  
Treatment Package ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Synthesized Contingencies

The case of a 9-year-old male with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented with problem behavior in the form of high-frequency clothing removal is reported. Descriptive data indicated the behavior occurred when tasks were presented and commonly delayed task demands and resulted in staff attention. Two latency functional analyses with isolated and synthesized contingencies were completed to clarify the operant function of the behavior. Initial results of the synthesized analysis indicated clothing removal was sensitive to attention and escape. However, a subsequent functional analysis with isolated contingencies indicated that the behavior was maintained only by attention. A function-based intervention package consisting of attention extinction, response blocking, and differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) effectively reduced the frequency of clothing removal to near-zero levels. Results of the intervention were partially generalized to a new therapist. The use of latency functional analyses as a means to rapidly examine isolated and synthesized contingencies maintaining problem behavior is discussed as well as the effects of the treatment package on the behavior of clothing removal.

scholarly journals Ethnic variability in newborn metabolic screening markers associated with false‐positive outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 934-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Peng ◽  
Yishuo Tang ◽  
Neeru Gandotra ◽  
Gregory M. Enns ◽  
Tina M. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ethnic Variability ◽  
Metabolic Screening

Correspondence between functional analyses of mands and functional analyses of problem behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lambert ◽  
Sarah E. Bloom ◽  
S. Shanun Kunnavatana ◽  
Megan A. Boyle ◽  
Andrew L. Samaha
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Functional Analyses

scholarly journals Interferences on microbial inhibitor tests related to ivermectin treatment in lactating dairy goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Romero ◽  
Vicente Javier Moya ◽  
Nemesio Fernández ◽  
Rafael Althaus ◽  
Wim Reybroeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Positive Results

This Research Communication reports interferences related to the administration of ivermectin in lactating dairy goats on the response of microbial tests for screening antibiotics in milk. Twenty-eight Murciano-Granadina goats, naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae, were treated with a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (200 µg/kg b.w.). To prevent re-infestation, a second dose was applied 7 d later. Individual milk samples were collected, daily, up to 15 d post-treatment. Milk samples were analysed by microbial inhibitor tests (BRT MRL, Delvotest SP-NT MCS and Eclipse 100) and ivermectin residues were quantified by HPLC. A large number of positive results were obtained for all microbial tests, especially on the first day after treatment (BRT MRL = 46·4%; Delvotest SP-NT MCS = 14·3%; and Eclipse 100 = 17·8%). However, the highest concentration of drug residues in milk (24·3 ng/ml) was detected on the tenth day after treatment, when positive outcomes were relatively lower (BRT MRL = 17·8%; Delvotest SP-NT MCS = 10·7%; and Eclipse 100 = 7·4%). Results herein suggest that factors related to the ivermectin treatment other than drug residues in milk, or alterations produced by the parasitic disease itself affecting the immune response of animals, could be the cause of false-positive results in microbial tests. It can be concluded that the application of ivermectin in dairy goats infested with sarcoptes mange during lactation produces persistent drug residues in milk, and could also cause false-positive results in microbial inhibitor tests for screening antibiotics.

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