Association mapping and pathway analysis of ear rot disease caused by Aspergillus flavus in a panel of tropical maize germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Augusto Bengosi Bertagna ◽  
Maurício Carlos Kuki ◽  
Hugo Zeni Neto ◽  
Dauri José Tessmann ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Rot Disease

Association mapping and genomic prediction for ear rot disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides in a tropical maize germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2867-2881
Author(s):  
Maurício Carlos Kuki ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Filipe Augusto Bengosi Bertagna ◽  
Dauri José Tessmann ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Inhibition of Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Fungal α-Amylases by a Lectin-Like Protein from Lablab purpureus

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fakhoury ◽  
C. P. Woloshuk
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Rot Disease

Aspergillus flavus is a fungal pathogen of maize causing an important ear rot disease when plants are exposed to drought and heat stress. Associated with the disease is the production of aflatoxins, which are a series of structurally related mycotoxins known to be carcinogenic. Previous research has suggested that the α-amylase of A. flavus promotes aflatoxin production in the endosperm of infected maize kernels. We report here the isolation and characterization of a 36-kDa α-amylase inhibitor from Lablab purpureus (AILP). AILP inhibited the α-amylases from several fungi but had little effect on those from animal and plant sources. The protein inhibited conidial germination and hyphal growth of A. flavus. The amino acid sequence indicated that AILP is similar to lectin members of a lectin-arcelin-α-amylase inhibitor family described in common bean and shown to be a component of plant resistance to insect pests. AILP also agglutinated papain-treated red blood cells from human and rabbit. These data indicate that AILP represents a novel variant in the lectin-arcelin-α-amylase inhibitor family of proteins having lectin-like and α-amylase inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro and in Field Response of Different Fungicides against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot Disease of Maize

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Masiello ◽  
Stefania Somma ◽  
Veronica Ghionna ◽  
Antonio Francesco Logrieco ◽  
Antonio Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Rot Disease

Aspergillus flavus, the main aflatoxin B1 producing fungal species, Fusarium graminearum, a deoxynivalenol producer, and the fumonisin-producing species F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides are the main toxigenic fungi (TF) that colonize maize. Several strategies are available to control TF and related mycotoxins, such as chemical control. However, there is poor knowledge on the efficacy of fungicides on maize plants since few molecules are registered. The sensitivity of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, and A. flavus to eleven fungicides, selected based on their different modes of action, was evaluated in both in vitro assays and, after selection, in the field. In vitro, demethylation inhibitors (DMI) showed excellent performances, followed by thiophanate-methyl and folpet. Among the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), isopyrazam showed a higher effectiveness against Fusarium species than boscalid, which was ineffective against Fusarium, like the phenyl-pyrrole fludioxonil. Furthermore, both SDHIs and fludioxonil were more active against A. flavus than Fusarium species. In field trials, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl were confirmed to be effective to reduce F. graminearum (52% and 48%) and F. proliferatum contamination (44% and 27%). On the other hand, prothioconazole and boscalid could reduce A. flavus contamination at values of 75% and 56%, respectively.

Dissection of mechanisms of resistance to Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin using tropical maize germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garrido-Bazan ◽  
G. Mahuku ◽  
M. Bibbins-Martinez ◽  
A. Arroyo-Bacerra ◽  
M. Ángel Villalobos-López
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties

Aspergillus flavus induced ear rots and subsequent contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) by aflatoxin is a serious food safety issue, especially in developing countries where the crop is mostly cultivated by smallholder famers for own consumption and income generation. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance could help breeders to develop resistant maize varieties. In this study, a set of six tropical maize inbred lines previously identified as resistant or susceptible under natural field conditions were evaluated for response to A. flavus colonisation and aflatoxin contamination. Fungal biomass was significantly higher (P<0.05) in susceptible than resistant maize inbred lines, and this was highly correlated (P=0.001) to aflatoxin levels. Maize inbred lines MRI, MR2 and MR3 had low fungal biomass and low aflatoxin levels, suggesting that resistance in these lines was mediated through restricted fungal colonisation and establishment. Among the three putatively resistant inbred lines mentioned above, MR2 had a relatively high colonisation compared to the other two lines, revealing that A. flavus could establish and colonise kernels that were injured during inoculation, but did not contain high levels of aflatoxin. This could signify the presence of host genes that interfere with the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.

Evaluation of resistance to aflatoxin contamination in kernels of maize genotypes using a GFP-expressing Aspergillus flavus strain

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rajasekaran ◽  
C.M. Sickler ◽  
R.L. Brown ◽  
J.W. Cary ◽  
D. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Antifungal Proteins ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Resistance or susceptibility of maize inbreds to infection by Aspergillus flavus was evaluated by the kernel screening assay. A green fluorescent protein-expressing strain of A. flavus was used to measure fungal spread and aflatoxin levels in real-time following fungal infection of kernels. Among the four inbreds tested, MI82 showed the most resistance and Ga209 the least. TZAR101 was also resistant to fungal infection, whereas Va35 was susceptible to fungal infection. However, Va35 produced lower aflatoxin levels compared to the susceptible line Ga209. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that the site of entry of the fungus into the kernel was consistently through the pedicel. Entry through the pericarp was never observed in undamaged kernels. In view of these results, incorporation or overexpression of antifungal proteins should be targeted to the pedicel and basal endosperm region in developing kernels. Once the fungus has entered through the pedicel, it spreads quickly through the open spaces between the pericarp and the aleurone layer, ultimately colonising the endosperm and scutellum and, finally, the embryo. A clear correlation was established between fungal fluorescence and aflatoxin levels. This method provides a quick, reliable means of evaluating resistance to A. flavus in undamaged kernels and provides breeders with a rapid method to evaluate maize germplasm.

Estimates of Heterosis among Temperate, Subtropical and Tropical Maize Germplasm

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.N. Malik . ◽  
S.I. Malik . ◽  
S.R. Chughtai . ◽  
H.I. Javed .
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Germplasm

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant against Fusarium verticillioides to Control Stalk and Ear Rot Disease of Maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha N. Borah ◽  
Debahuti Goswami ◽  
Hridip K. Sarma ◽  
Swaranjit S. Cameotra ◽  
Suresh Deka
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study and QTL Mapping Reveal Genomic Loci Associated with Fusarium Ear Rot Resistance in Tropical Maize Germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3803-3815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafa Chen ◽  
Rosemary Shrestha ◽  
Junqiang Ding ◽  
Hongjian Zheng ◽  
Chunhua Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Fusarium ear rot (FER) incited by Fusarium verticillioides is a major disease of maize that reduces grain quality globally. Host resistance is the most suitable strategy for managing the disease. We report the results of genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect alleles associated with increased resistance to FER in a set of 818 tropical maize inbred lines evaluated in three environments. Association tests performed using 43,424 single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNPs) markers identified 45 SNPs and 15 haplotypes that were significantly associated with FER resistance. Each associated SNP locus had relatively small additive effects on disease resistance and accounted for 1–4% of trait variation. These SNPs and haplotypes were located within or adjacent to 38 candidate genes, 21 of which were candidate genes associated with plant tolerance to stresses, including disease resistance. Linkage mapping in four biparental populations to validate GWAS results identified 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with F. verticillioides resistance. Integration of GWAS and QTL to the maize physical map showed eight colocated loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10. QTL on chromosomes 2 and 9 are new. These results reveal that FER resistance is a complex trait that is conditioned by multiple genes with minor effects. The value of selection on identified markers for improving FER resistance is limited; rather, selection to combine small effect resistance alleles combined with genomic selection for polygenic background for both the target and general adaptation traits might be fruitful for increasing FER resistance in maize.

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