Vascular risk factors, ApoE ?4 allele, and gender and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: perspectives on prevention

This article summarises empirical findings on major potentially modifiable risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), drawing on data from longitudinal epidemiological studies on the incidence of AD or any-cause dementia. Risk factors investigated to date include cognitive ability, motivational ability, emotional health, physical activity, social activity and social network, vascular risk factors and nutrition. The authors find most empirical support for two main clusters of risk factors that also represent potential targets for prevention. First, an active and stimulating lifestyle including cognitive, social, and physical activities reduces the risk of AD. Second, the absence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterol and obesity reduces the risk of AD. More prevention trials are warranted to investigate the preventative effects of an active and stimulating lifestyle on the one hand, and vascular health on the other, in delaying the onset of AD or slowing its progression.

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Physical Activity and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: Relationship to Vascular Risk Factors, Executive Functions and Gait

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro.2007.18.2.149 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Erik Scherder ◽

Laura Eggermont ◽

Joseph Sergeant ◽

Froukje Boersma

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Vascular Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-1007-7_3 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 43-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monique M. B. Breteler

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Neuropsychological Deficit Profiles, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathological Findings in Hispanic Older Adults with Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-180351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gali H. Weissberger ◽

Tamar H. Gollan ◽

Mark W. Bondi ◽

Daniel A. Nation ◽

Lawrence A. Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Older Adults ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Neuropsychological Deficit

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A Warning Index Used in Prescreening for Alzheimer’s Disease, Based on Self-Reported Cognitive Deficits and Vascular Risk Factors for Dementia in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.1155/2012/124215 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Toshioki Matsuzawa ◽

Toshihiro Takata ◽

Koichi Yokono ◽

Hiroo Ueda ◽

Kensuke Moriwaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Routine Care ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Characteristic Analysis

Background/Aims. Diabetes might increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For detecting dementia, it is typical to obtain informants’ perceptions of cognitive deficits, but such interviews are usually difficult in routine care. We aimed to develop a model for predicting mild to moderate AD using a self-reported questionnaire and by evaluating vascular risk factors for dementia in elderly subjects with diabetes.Methods. We recruited 286 diabetic and 155 nondiabetic elderly subjects. There were 25 patients with AD and 261 cognitively normal individuals versus 30 with AD and 125 normal subjects, respectively. Each participant answered subjective questions on memory deficits and daily functioning. Information on vascular risk factors was obtained from clinical charts, and multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a model for predicting AD.Results. The predicted probabilities used in screening for AD in diabetic subjects constituted age, education, lower diastolic blood pressure, subjective complaints of memory dysfunction noticeable by others, and impaired medication, shopping, and travel outside a familiar locality. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a satisfactory discrimination for AD specific for diabetic elderly subjects, with 95.2% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity.Conclusion. This is the first useful index that can prescreen for AD in elderly subjects with diabetes.

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