scholarly journals Phenotypic correlation between queen and worker brood care supports the role of maternal care in the evolution of eusociality

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 10409-10415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Walsh ◽  
Lisa Signorotti ◽  
Timothy A. Linksvayer ◽  
Patrizia d'Ettorre
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
Worker Brood

Maternal depression impairs child emotion understanding and executive functions: The role of dysregulated maternal care across the first decade of life.

Emotion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Priel ◽  
Maor Zeev-Wolf ◽  
Amir Djalovski ◽  
Ruth Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Emotion Understanding

6. Winning strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Tristram D. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many

The field of behavioural ecology, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, offered new ideas and provided powerful ways of exploring how behaviour evolves. Behavioural ecology examines how the evolution of behaviour is related to an individual’s chance of survival or reproductive success. ‘Winning strategies’ considers the many successes of behavioural ecology in explaining different animal behaviours: the economic decisions made by certain species when feeding or during reproduction; the role of the sexes in parental care; mating systems; sperm competition and cryptic female choice; sexual conflict; altruistic behaviour; kin selection theory; cooperative breeding; and the evolution of eusociality.

Role of sex ratio in the evolution of eusociality in haplodiploid social insects

1981 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoh Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality

OFFSPRING-PARENT COMMUNICATION IN A SUBSOCIAL TREEHOPPER (HEMIPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE: UMBONIA CRASSICORNIS)

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Cocroft
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Parent Communication ◽  
Umbonia Crassicornis ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Predator Signals

Parental care of post-hatching offspring is widespread in insects, but the role of communication in parent-offspring interactions remains largely unknown. I have found that, in the subsocial treehopper Umbonia crassicornis , aggregated nymphal offspring produce substrate-borne, vibrational signals in synchronized bursts that elicit the mother's antipredator behavior. In this study I describe the signals used by nymphs and explore their role in mother-offspring interactions and within-brood communication. Nymphs were stimulated to signal in the laboratory in response to light contact, simulating the approach of a predator. Signals of nymphs at the site of disturbance triggered a rapid wave of signaling by many individuals within the aggregation. This coordinated signaling was associated with the mother's defensive behavior. Signaling was limited to the vibrational channel: when transmission of vibrations was blocked between signaling nymphs and the mother, the mothers' response was abolished. Nymphs signaled not only in response to contact, but also in response to playback of signals from their siblings. Nymphs in otherwise undisturbed aggregations signaled only in response to signals coordinated into synchronized, group displays, and not to signals in random temporal patterns. However, nymphal signaling thresholds were lowered after a recent experience of simulated predation. After a period in which nymphs were stimulated to signal (by light contact simulating a predator's approach), playback of one individual signal could trigger a coordinated burst within the aggregation. It remains unknown if coordination among siblings to produce synchronized, group signals is completely cooperative, or if siblings compete for the mother's proximity. But it is clear that a complex system of communication among siblings, and between siblings and their parent, is an important feature of maternal care in these subsocial insects.

Implementing an Intercultural Birth Care Policy: The Role of Indigenous Identity in Peruvian Maternal Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Lucia Guerra‐Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Indigenous Identity

scholarly journals Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENNY ANDREOU ◽  
BEN M. NEALE ◽  
WAI CHEN ◽  
HANNA CHRISTIANSEN ◽  
ISABEL GABRIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Incentive Condition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Familial Influences ◽  
Familial Effects

ABSTRACTBackgroundReaction time (RT) variability is one of the strongest findings to emerge in cognitive-experimental research of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We set out to confirm the association between ADHD and slow and variable RTs and investigate the degree to which RT performance improves under fast event rate and incentives. Using a group familial correlation approach, we tested the hypothesis that there are shared familial effects on RT performance and ADHD.MethodA total of 144 ADHD combined-type probands, 125 siblings of the ADHD probands and 60 control participants, ages 6–18, performed a four-choice RT task with baseline and fast-incentive conditions.ResultsADHD was associated with slow and variable RTs, and with greater improvement in speed and RT variability from baseline to fast-incentive condition. RT performance showed shared familial influences with ADHD. Under the assumption that the familial effects represent genetic influences, the proportion of the phenotypic correlation due to shared familial influences was estimated as 60–70%.ConclusionsThe data are inconsistent with models that consider RT variability as reflecting a stable cognitive deficit in ADHD, but instead emphasize the extent to which energetic or motivational factors can have a greater effect on RT performance in ADHD. The findings support the role of RT variability as an endophenotype mediating the link between genes and ADHD.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Neural Substrates for Motivation and Pleasure

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Eric F. C. Cheung ◽  
Anna R. Docherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay ◽  
Shared Genetic

Despite advances in the understanding of the reward system and the role of dopamine in recent decades, the heritability of the underlying neural mechanisms is not known. In the present study, we examined the hemodynamic activation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key hub of the reward system, in 86 healthy monozygotic twins and 88 healthy dizygotic twins during a monetary-incentive-delay task. The participants also completed self-report measures of pleasure. Using voxelwise heritability mapping, we found that activation of the bilateral NAcc during the anticipation of monetary gains had significant heritability ( h2 = .20–.49). Moreover, significant shared genetic covariance was observed between pleasure and NAcc activation during the anticipation of monetary gain. These findings suggest that both NAcc activation and self-reported pleasure may be heritable and that their phenotypic correlation may be partially explained by shared genetic variation.

scholarly journals On testing the role of genetic asymmetries created by haplodiploidy in the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Gadagkar
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Eusociality

scholarly journals The queen, but not the brood, drives early changes in brain gene expression in bumble bee workers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Santos ◽  
Jesse Starkey ◽  
David Galbraith ◽  
Etya Amsalem
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
And Behavior

Worker reproduction in social insects is often regulated by the queen, but can be regulated by the brood and nestmates, who may use different mechanisms to induce the same outcomes in subordinates. Analysis of brain gene expression patterns in bumble bee workers (Bombus impatiens) in response to the presence of the queen, the brood, both or neither, identified 18 differentially expressed genes, 17 of them are regulated by the queen and none are regulated by the brood. Overall, brain gene expression differences in workers were driven by the queen’s presence, despite recent studies showing that brood reduces worker egg laying and provides context to the queen pheromones. The queen affected important regulators of reproduction and brood care across insects, such as neuroparsin and vitellogenin, and a comparison with similar datasets in the honey bee and the clonal raider ant revealed that neuroparsin is differentially expressed in all species. These data emphasize the prominent role of the queen in regulating worker physiology and behavior. Genes that serve as key regulators of workers’ reproduction are likely to play an important role in the evolution of sociality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document