Impact of Indias Export on Indian GDP after Liberalisation

Economic and political policy interventions were reflected on the economic development of the countries with respect to improving economic and social well-being of poor, market productivity and considerable growth rate in GDP. Specifically, in Indian context, these economic decisions have been a considerable influence on inclusive growth of the nation. It is evidence that India embarked on economic reforms in July, 1991, from the effect of a balance of payment crisis. The government initiated economic reforms basically is to provide an environment of sustainable growth and stability. Thereby the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) system has come to the picture for economic progress of the country. Thepresent study investigates the linkage between foreign trade trends of India and its economic development in the light of economic reforms in India since 25 years (1991-2016). The outcomes of the study strongly support that there is a causal relationship between exports to GDP and GDP to exports and also causality between imports to exports in India.

Economic Individualism and Job Engagement: Examining the Roles of Work Motivation and Growth Need Strength

Economic individualism—involving a belief that the individual should be in control of his/her own economic decisions and an increased emphasis on competition and achievement—is becoming more prominent in several areas of the world, but little is known about the implications of this characteristic for employee attitudes and behavior. Our study investigated the impact of economic individualism on job engagement. More specifically, the research developed and examined a model involving work motivation as a mediator and growth need strength as a moderator. Employees (N = 235, 58.3% male, 33.6% 20–29 years old, 53.2% with a bachelor’s degree) from several companies in South Korea completed survey measures of economic individualism, job engagement, work motivation, and growth need strength. Findings supported work motivation as a mediator and indicated that the indirect effect through work motivation was significant at high levels of growth need strength although not at low levels. These findings provide new insights regarding the individual-level engagement implications of economic individualism and when and why these implications hold, as prior research on economic individualism has focused on the organizational and societal levels.

When Science Is Made an “Accomplice”

The article attempts to comprehend the relationship between science and politics and the use of scientific knowledge by various actors to promote their own political, ideological and other agendas. The author considers a few concepts that have resulted from the complication of various spheres of life and, accordingly, from the need for a new description and organization of science. These issues are also associated with new formats of relationships between science and society encouraged by the changing scientific, social and other contexts. The author notes that as a result, the scientific activity becomes more sensitive to social needs, yet also more susceptible to various social, political and other influences. This situation is illustrated with the ways in which social activists employ scientific knowledge and public science communication to advance their ideological positions, influence political and/or economic decisions and motivate civic action. The author points out the multiplicity of actors engaged in the assessment of scientific discoveries and the formation of the scientific and political agenda. The article assesses the importance of taking into account the political context of the relationship between science and society in the models of science communication. In conclusion, the author questions the possibility of conceptualizing the collective political agency of science without a thorough discussion of how it engages the role of non-scientific actors.

Importance from the Postgraduate Upping in Financial Administration Subjects for Health Educational Managers

Background: The real available from economic resources determines the capacity from the Public Health and the Education to support their demanded services. In that way the postgraduate upping is very important and health educational managers continue needing a sufficient upping in financial management in rational terms across the taking decisions process since the Health Economy. Objective: To describe the importance from the postgraduate upping in financial administration subjects for health educational managers. Materials and methods: Were utilized the inductive – deductive and the comparative as theorical methods. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research. Results: Health educational managers are taking economic decisions constantly. The postgraduate forming in results optimization terms´ across the taking decision process must provide to health educational managers the strategies and methodologies scientifically supported for the best management process. Conclusions: Best use from the health educational institutions budget´s is a main necessity for respective managers. The role from the postgraduate education in this context is very important for the complementary upping for health educational managers

ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN

Financial statements are an important tool to obtain information regarding the financial position and results achieved by the company. Financial statements are one of the most important sources of information for making economic decisions. Financial statement analysis includes the application of tools and techniques to financial statements and financial data in order to obtain measures and relationships that are useful in the decision-making process.

A neuroeconomic signature of opioid craving: How fluctuations in craving bias drug-related and nondrug-related value

How does craving bias decisions to pursue drugs over other valuable, and healthier, alternatives in addiction? To address this question, we measured the in-the-moment economic decisions of people with opioid use disorder as they experienced craving, shortly after receiving their scheduled opioid maintenance medication and ~24 h later. We found that higher cravers had higher drug-related valuation, and that moments of higher craving within-person also led to higher drug-related valuation. When experiencing increased opioid craving, participants were willing to pay more for personalized consumer items and foods more closely related to their drug use, but not for alternative “nondrug-related” but equally desirable options. This selective increase in value with craving was greater when the drug-related options were offered in higher quantities and was separable from the effects of other fluctuating psychological states like negative mood. These findings suggest that craving narrows and focuses economic motivation toward the object of craving by selectively and multiplicatively amplifying perceived value along a “drug relatedness” dimension.

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – The Heritage of the Past in the Culture of the Industrial City Functioning in the Ethnic and Cultural Frontier The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociology of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szramek. The author’s reflections touch upon ideas, facts as well as the real city’s organism shaped in its longterm and short-term perspective.

Pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo

This study aims to determine the effects of economic literacy, interest in learning, and lifestyle on pocket money management of students IPS 11th grade in SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. The type of study is a descriptive quantitative. The amount of population in this study is 171 students. The sample used is 120 students by using proportional random sampling. Data collection methods are tests and questionnaires distributed online. The results showed that students had a level of economic literacy in the sufficient category, high interest in learning, lifestyle in the high category, and pocket money management which is classified as high. The results also indicate that the variable of economic literacy has no significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money, while the variables of learning interest and lifestyle have a significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money. In this study, it was found that students need to improve economic literacy to find out the basis for making good economic decisions in everyday life. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 171 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 120 siswa dengan menggunakan proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data adalah tes dan kuesioner yang disebar secara online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki tingkat literasi ekonomi dalam kategori cukup, minat belajar yang tergolong tinggi, gaya hidup dalam kategori tinggi, dan manajemen uang saku yang tergolong tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa variabel literasi ekonomi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa, sedangkan variabel minat belajar dan gaya hidup berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa siswa perlu meningkatkan literasi ekonomi untuk mengetahui dasar pengambilan keputusan ekonomi yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

CALCULATIONS OF SHORT PIPELINES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FLOW STABILIZATION

Analyzing the existing dependences on the calculation of short pressure pipelines in turbulent mode, significant shortcomings of these recommendations were identified. A physical model of motion is proposed, which explains the processes occurring in the area of stabilization after local resistance and allows to establish the factors influencing its length.Experiments on pipes with different roughness and different pipeline fittings made it possible to analyze the change in kinematic characteristics in the area after resistance. Studies have shown that in short pipes, the length of which is less than the length of the stabilization section, there are less pressure losses than in the calculations by the usual method, when there are simply local and length losses. Dependencies and graphs are given that take into account the mutual influence of local resistances in the case of their location at a distance less than the stabilization area. The proposed recommendations make it possible to make more informed economic decisions when designing short pressure pipelines of various water supply systems.

Regime-sanctioned oligarchs

No oligarchic system, similar to those in Ukraine or Russia, developed in Belarus after 1991, but the formation of a group of prominent regime-linked businessmen has accelerated in recent years. They owe their influence to informal concessions from the regime to do business in selected sectors of the economy. They often do not take over state property but act as intermediaries, earning a hefty commission for doing so. They also operate in the criminal sphere, primarily involving the large-scale smuggling of goods into Russia and the European Union. This article aims to show the evolution and specifics of big business in Belarus. The growing capital potential of big Belarusian businessmen, estimated at a dozen or so, and their rising influence on the economic decisions made by the authorities while maintaining total political loyalty, make it justified to call at least some of them oligarchs. The system emerging in Belarus bears certain similarities to some post-Soviet oligarchic systems while having its own distinctive features. The accumulated capital and contacts give at least some of the emerging Belarusian oligarchs a good starting position for taking a front seat in a possible future political transformation, should the conditions arise for that to begin.