scholarly journals Limited contributions of plant pathogens to density‐dependent seedling mortality of mast fruiting Bornean trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 13154-13164
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Cannon ◽  
Michael J. O’Brien ◽  
Kalsum M. Yusah ◽  
David P. Edwards ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Mast Fruiting

Plant pathogens drive density-dependent seedling mortality in a tropical tree

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bell ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton ◽  
Owen T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent

scholarly journals Do fungal pathogens drive density-dependent mortality in established seedlings of two dominant African rain-forest trees?

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Norghauer ◽  
David M. Newbery ◽  
Leho Tedersoo ◽  
George B. Chuyong
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Dependent Mortality

Abstract:Where one or a few tree species reach local high abundance, different ecological factors may variously facilitate or hinder their regeneration. Plant pathogens are thought to be one of those possible agents which drive intraspecific density-dependent mortality of tree seedlings in tropical forests. Experimental evidence for this is scarce, however. In an African rain forest at Korup, we manipulated the density of recently established seedlings (~5–8 wk old; low vs. high-density) of two dominant species of contrasting recruitment potential, and altered their exposure to pathogens using a broad-spectrum fungicide. Seedling mortality of the abundantly recruiting subcanopy tree Oubanguia alata was strongly density-dependent after 7 mo, yet fungicide-treated seedlings had slightly higher mortality than controls. By contrast, seedling mortality of the poorly recruiting large canopy-emergent tree Microberlinia bisulcata was unaffected by density or fungicide. Ectomycorrhizal colonization of M. bisulcata was not affected by density or fungicide either. For O. alata, adverse effects of fungicide on its vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas may have offset any possible benefit of pathogen removal. We tentatively conclude that fungal pathogens are not a likely major cause of density dependence in O. alata, or of early post-establishment mortality in M. bisulcata. They do not explain the latter's currently very low recruitment rate at Korup.

scholarly journals Assessing the Phytosanitary Risk Posed by an Intraspecific Invasion of Cryphonectria parasitica in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Dennert ◽  
Joana Beatrice Meyer ◽  
Daniel Rigling ◽  
Simone Prospero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
New Host ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

Intraspecific cryptic invasions may occur when new strains of an invasive species are introduced into an area where this species had already been introduced previously. In plant pathogens, such invasions are not well studied, even if, potentially, they can have severe consequences. Here, we investigated the effects of a potential intraspecific invasion in Europe of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (i) non-European strains are more virulent on Castanea sativa than those already present in Europe because they have never encountered this new host, and (ii) the variation in virulence among strains is higher within native than within introduced populations. In a greenhouse, 2-year-old C. sativa seedlings were inoculated with Cryphonectria parasitica strains from South Korea, the United States, and Switzerland, and lesion development and seedling mortality were recorded weekly. Additionally, growth and sporulation of the strains were measured in vitro on agar medium at 15 and 24°C. Although lesion growth was similar for all strains, seedlings inoculated with strains from South Korea and Switzerland died faster than seedlings inoculated with strains from the United States. Moreover, in vitro strains from South Korea grew faster and produced more spores at both temperatures than the strains from the other two countries. In conclusion, our results did not support the two hypotheses. All strains, regardless of their origin, were found to be highly virulent on the inoculated chestnut seedlings. Nevertheless, current phytosanitary measures to avoid the introduction of new genotypes of C. parasitica into Europe should be further implemented.

scholarly journals Density-dependent seedling mortality varies with light availability and species abundance in wet and dry Hawaiian forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Inman-Narahari ◽  
Rebecca Ostertag ◽  
Stephen P. Hubbell ◽  
Christian P. Giardina ◽  
Susan Cordell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent

Microbial communities associated with distance- and density-dependent seedling mortality in a tropical rainforest

Plant Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
J. L. Wood ◽  
P. T. Green ◽  
J. J. Vido ◽  
C. Celestina ◽  
K. E. Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent

Widespread density‐dependent seedling mortality promotes species coexistence in a highly diverse Amazonian rain forest

Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3675-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Metz ◽  
Wayne P. Sousa ◽  
Renato Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Amazonian Rain Forest

scholarly journals Enemies mediate distance- and density-dependent mortality of tree seeds and seedlings: a meta-analysis of fungicide, insecticide and exclosure studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1943) ◽  
pp. 20202352
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Song ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Dependent Mortality

Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is often assumed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides and exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that distance- and density-dependent mortality caused by natural enemies was most likely at the seedling stage and was greater at higher mean annual temperatures. Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence at the seedling stage is significantly weakened when fungicides were applied. By contrast, negative conspecific distance- and density-dependence is not a general pattern at the seed stage. High seed mass reduced distance- and density-dependent mortality at the seed stage. Seed studies excluding only large mammals found significant negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality, but exclusion of all mammals resulted in a non-significant effect of conspecifics. Our study suggests that plant pathogens are a major cause of distance- and density-dependent mortality at the seedling stage, while the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.

Effects of dispersal, shrubs, and density-dependent mortality on seed and seedling distributions in temperate forests

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Hille Ris Lambers ◽  
James S Clark
Keyword(s):  
Null Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum ◽  
Dependent Mortality

Processes limiting recruitment of trees may have large impacts on forest dynamics. In this paper, we determined the effects of dispersal, shrubs (Rhododendron maximum), and density-dependent mortality on seed and seedling distributions of Southern Appalachian trees. We quantified the spatial distribution of seed rain, seed bank densities, first-year seedlings, and older than first-year seedlings in five vegetation plots. We fit models to these data assuming effects of limited dispersal, R. maximum (an understory shrub), and (or) density-dependent mortality (as well as a null model with none of these effects) and used best-fitting models to indicate which processes affected a particular species. We found that all factors examined limit species distributions, and thus, affect seedling dynamics. Seedling densities are higher near parent trees long after dispersal occurs. This pattern is less frequently observed for animal-dispersed species than for wind-dispersed species, presumably due to secondary dispersal of seeds by animals. Seedling densities of five species are decreased beneath R. maximum. Shade tolerance does not explain which species are affected, suggesting that factors other than low light are responsible for increased seedling mortality under this shrub. Our results suggest that density-dependent mortality affects four species, decreasing seedling densities close to parent trees. Dispersal, density-dependent mortality, and R. maximum all act in ways that may promote or limit diversity, illustrating that multiple factors are likely to control species diversity.

scholarly journals Correction to: Microbial communities associated with distance- and density-dependent seedling mortality in a tropical rainforest

Plant Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (9) ◽  
pp. 753-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wood ◽  
P. T. Green ◽  
J. J. Vido ◽  
C. Celestina ◽  
K. E. Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Density Dependent
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