How environmental stressors affect reproductive potential in a saltmarsh plant species Plantago maritima

10.22541/au.160292883.31962389/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Lazarus ◽

Jacek Mazur ◽

Katarzyna Wszałek-Rożek ◽

Adrian Zwolicki

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Environmental Stressors

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Reproductive potential of plant species running wild from the culture in South Karelia (based on Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill. and Symphytum asperum Lepech as an example)

Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University ◽

10.18384/2224-0209-2013-2-315 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Elena L. Rokhlova ◽

Galina S. Antipina

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Reproductive Potential

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The Effect of Host-Plant Species on Adult Weight and the Reproductive Potential of Aphids

Journal of Animal Ecology ◽

10.2307/4504 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 639 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Llewellyn ◽

V. K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Host Plant Species

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External and Genetic Conditions Determining Male Infertility

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5274

Author(s):

Piotr Kamiński ◽

Jędrzej Baszyński ◽

Izabela Jerzak ◽

Brendan P. Kavanagh ◽

Ewa Nowacka-Chiari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Male Infertility ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Defensive Responses ◽

The Impact

We explain environmental and genetic factors determining male genetic conditions and infertility and evaluate the significance of environmental stressors in shaping defensive responses, which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. This is done through the impact of external and internal stressors and their instability on sperm parameters and their contribution to immunogenetic disorders and hazardous DNA mutations. As chemical compounds and physical factors play an important role in the induction of immunogenetic disorders and affect the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses, causing oxidative stress, and leading to apoptosis, they downgrade semen quality. These factors are closely connected with male reproductive potential since genetic polymorphisms and mutations in chromosomes 7, X, and Y critically impact on spermatogenesis. Microdeletions in the Azoospermic Factor AZF region directly cause defective sperm production. Among mutations in chromosome 7, impairments in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR gene are destructive for fertility in cystic fibrosis, when spermatic ducts undergo complete obstruction. This problem was not previously analyzed in such a form. Alongside karyotype abnormalities AZF microdeletions are the reason of spermatogenic failure. Amongst AZF genes, the deleted in azoospermia DAZ gene family is reported as most frequently deleted AZF. Screening of AZF microdeletions is useful in explaining idiopathic cases of male infertility as well as in genetic consulting prior to assisted reproduction. Based on the current state of research we answer the following questions: (1) How do environmental stressors lessen the quality of sperm and reduce male fertility; (2) which chemical elements induce oxidative stress and immunogenetic changes in the male reproductive system; (3) how do polymorphisms correlate with changes in reproductive potential and pro-antioxidative mechanisms as markers of pathophysiological disturbances of the male reproductive condition; (4) how do environmental stressors of immunogenetic disorders accompany male infertility and responses; and (5) what is the distribution and prevalence of environmental and genetic risk factors.

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Sexual differences and sex ratios of dioecious plants under stressful environments

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtab038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miao Liu ◽

Helena Korpelainen ◽

Chunyang Li

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Plant Species ◽

Environmental Gradients ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Sexual Differences ◽

Sex Characteristics ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Dioecious Plants ◽

Trade Offs

Abstract Dioecious plants exhibit sexual dimorphism in both sexual features (reproductive organs) and secondary sex characteristics (vegetative traits). Sexual differences in secondary traits, including morphological, physiological and ecological characters, have been commonly associated with trade-offs between the cost of reproduction and other plant functions. Such trade-offs may be modified by environmental stressors, although there is evidence that sexually dimorphic responses to stress do not always exist in all plant species. When sexual dimorphism exists, sexually different responses appear to depend on the species and stress types. Yet, further studies on dioecious plant species are needed to allow the generalization of stress effects on males and females. Additionally, sexual dimorphism may influence the frequency and distribution of the sexes along environmental gradients, likely causing niche differentiation and spatial segregation of sexes. At the present, the causes and mechanisms governing sex ratio biases are poorly understood. This review aims to discuss sex-specific responses and sex ratio biases occurring under adverse conditions, which will advance our knowledge of sexually dimorphic responses to environmental stressors.

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