Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community

Maternally inherited endosymbionts are one of the most abundant bacteria infecting arthropods and show extensive horizontal transfer. Such widespread distribution and extensive recombination among these endosymbionts could be an outcome of horizontal transfer as for such genetic exchanges to occur their hosts should come in contact. One such level of biological organization where different hosts can do that is the ecological community. Despite various studies focusing on known model species and specific ecological interactions among hosts, reports on community wide endosymbiont data are rare. To better understand endosymbiont spread, we investigated the incidence, diversity, extent of horizontal transfer and recombination of three such endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus) in a specific soil arthropod community. Wolbachia strain characterization was done using multiple genes whereas single 16S rRNA gene was used for Cardinium and Arsenophonus. Amongst 3509 individual host arthropods belonging to 390 morphospecies, 12.05% were infected with Wolbachia, 2.82% with Cardinium and 2.05% with Arsenophonus. Phylogenetic incongruence between host and endosymbiont indicated extensive horizontal transfer of endosymbionts within this community. Three cases of recombination between Wolbachia supergroups and eight incidences of within supergroup genetic exchange were also found. Statistical tests of similarity indicated supergroup A Wolbachia and Cardinium to show a pattern consistent with rapid horizontal transfer within the community. However same tests done for super group B Wolbachia and Arsenophonus did not show similar patterns. We highlight the importance of extensive community wide studies for a better understanding of the spread of endosymbionts across global arthropod communities.

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Arthropod community at different altitudes in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Western Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

Author(s):

NOOR FARIKHAH HANEDA ◽

IWAN HILWAN ◽

EWI IRFANI

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Soil Arthropods ◽

Arthropod Community ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil Arthropod ◽

Different Altitudes

Abstract. Haneda NF, Hilwan I, Irfani E. 2019. Arthropod community at different altitudes in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Western Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1735-1742. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) stores high biodiversity both from its flora and fauna. Parts of the diversity that have not been widely explored are soil arthropods at different altitudes. The aim of this study was to analyze soil arthropod community and the correlation between the attributes of soil arthropods and the environmental factors. The soil arthropods were collected using pitfall traps, placed in several altitudes, i.e., 500 m, 700 m, 900 m, 1100 m, 1300 m, 1500 m, and 1700 m . The attributes of community and environmental parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. The result showed that family Formicidae dominated the soil arthropod community. The diversity of arthropods increased with increasing altitudes. The habitat at the altitudes of 1500 m, 1300 m and 1100 m had a dense canopy, thick litter and high total N and organic C. There was positive correlation between the attributes of soil arthropod community and environment variables.

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Mountain Refugia Play a Role in Soil Arthropod Speciation on Madagascar: A Case Study of the Endemic Giant Fire-Millipede Genus Aphistogoniulus

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0028035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e28035 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Thomas Wesener ◽

Michael J. Raupach ◽

Peter Decker

Keyword(s):

Soil Arthropod

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Soil arthropod community responses to carrion with delayed insect access

Food Webs ◽

10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e00118 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chong Chin Heo ◽

Pete D. Teel ◽

Micheal M. Banfield ◽

Jeffery K. Tomberlin

Keyword(s):

Arthropod Community ◽

Community Responses ◽

Soil Arthropod

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Quantifying Competitive Exclusion and Competitive Release in Ecological Communities: A Conceptual Framework and a Case Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0160798 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e0160798 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hila Segre ◽

Niv DeMalach ◽

Zalmen Henkin ◽

Ronen Kadmon

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Competitive Exclusion ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Competitive Release

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The role of floristic survey data and quantitative analysis in identification and description of ecological communities under threatened species legislation: A case study from north-eastern New South Wales

Ecological Management & Restoration ◽

10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00454.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. S16-S26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Penny Kendall ◽

Brett Snelson

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Survey Data ◽

Threatened Species ◽

New South ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Floristic Survey ◽

South Wales ◽

North Eastern

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Cover crop and tillage intensities alter ground-dwelling arthropod communities during the transition to organic production

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170515000290 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 361-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Randa Jabbour ◽

Tara Pisani-Gareau ◽

Richard G. Smith ◽

Christina Mullen ◽

Mary Barbercheck

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Organic Production ◽

Arthropod Community ◽

Legacy Effects ◽

Arthropod Communities ◽

Legacy Effect ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Activity Density ◽

Soil Arthropod

AbstractWe conducted a cropping systems experiment in central Pennsylvania, USA, to determine the effects of initial cover crop species and soil management on the abundance and composition of the ground-dwelling arthropod community. We hypothesized that we would detect legacy effects of the cover crops planted in year 1 of a 3-yr crop sequence on the arthropod community in the subsequent 2 yrs, and that these effects would be influenced by the intensity of tillage. We compared four systems in a factorial combination of perennial sod and legumes or annual cereal grain and legume as initial cover crops and moldboard or chisel plow tillage implemented in soybeans followed by maize in the subsequent 2 yrs. The entire experiment was initiated twice in adjacent locations, starting in 2003 (Start 1) and 2004 (Start 2). We quantified soil arthropod activity-density and community composition and identified all arthropods to order or family, and the ground and tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to species. In Start 1, but not Start 2, arthropod activity-density increased with each year following implementation of organic management. We observed few legacy effects of cover crop or tillage intensity on arthropod activity-density. The composition of the soil arthropod community was primarily defined by the initial cover crop in the first year, and by the interaction between cover crop and tillage intensity in the second and third year. A legacy effect associated with a yr-1 cover crop of cereal rye was observed for Scarabaeidae beetles and Formicidae (ants) in yr 2 and Carabidae beetles in yr 3 of Start 1, but not Start 2. Weed indicators contributed significantly to the variation in the soil arthropod community that was explained by the environment in yr 2 in Start 1, and in yr 3 in both Starts. Our observations support the concept that both immediate and legacy effects of management shape arthropod communities during the organic transition period, suggesting that transitioning systems could be managed in ways that conserve or enhance natural enemy populations.

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