Levantamento Florístico da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Lagoa da Maraponga, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Lagoa da Maraponga é uma unidade de conservação municipal localizada no bairro Maraponga, município de Fortaleza, estado do Ceará. Composto predominantemente por um ecossistema lacustre, no qual se destaca a Lagoa da Maraponga, com área de 31 hectares, ameaçada pela ação antrópica, fazendo com que a conservação se torne uma prioridade. Objetivou-se fazer o levantamento florístico da APA da Lagoa da Maraponga e elaborar um guia de campo. Foram realizadas coletas botânicas, observações de campo, fotografias e identificações das espécies. Registraram-se 98 espécies pertencentes a 82 gêneros e 37 famílias botânicas. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae (18 spp.), Malvaceae (13 spp.), Asteraceae (dez spp.), Rubiaceae (cinco spp.), Arecaceae, Convolvulaceae e Solanaceae (quatro spp., cada). Constatou-se que o hábito das espécies tem como predomínio o porte herbáceo (41 spp.), seguido de espécies subarbustivas (19 spp.), arbóreas (17 spp.), arbustivas (dez spp.), trepadeiras (sete spp.) e palmeiras (quatro spp.). Conclui-se que esta área tem demonstrado que mesmo com a interferência humana e o grande avanço da urbanização em seus arredores, a flora local apresenta elevada riqueza de espécies nativas que precisa ser conservada, mantida e reconhecida por políticas públicas e pela sociedade, as quais podem ser auxiliadas pelo guia de campo elaborado. Floristic Survey of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Maraponga Lagoon, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe Maraponga Lagoon Environmental Protection Area (EPA) is a municipal conservation unit located in the Maraponga neighborhood, in the municipality of Fortaleza, state of Ceará. Composed predominantly of a lake ecosystem, in which the Maraponga Lagoon stands out, with an area of 31 hectares, threatened by anthropic action, prioritizing conservation. The objective was to carry out the floristic survey of the EPA of Maraponga Lagoon and to prepare a field guide. Botanical collections, field observations, photographs and species identification were carried out. A total of 98 species belonging to 82 genera and 37 botanical families were registered. The most representative families were Fabaceae (18 spp.), Malvaceae (13 spp.), Asteraceae (ten spp.), Rubiaceae (five spp.), Arecaceae, Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae (four spp., each). It was found that the habit of the species predominates the herbaceous size (41 spp.), followed by sub-shrubs (19 spp.), trees (17 spp.), shrubs (ten spp.), climbing plants (seven spp.) and palm trees (four spp.). It’s concluded that this area has shown that even with human interference and the great advance of urbanization in its surroundings, the local flora has a high number of native species that need to be conserved, maintained and recognized by public policies and society, which can be assisted by the field guide prepared.Keywords: Urban biodiversity, conservation, vegetable diversity, richness, conservation unit.

An enumeration of the flowering plants of Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary in eastern Sikkim, India

The present paper is the outcome of an extensive floristic survey conducted in two phases by the authors in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India. During the study 411 taxa (400 species, 04 subspecies and 07 varieties) belonging to 173 genera and 54 families were recorded. The most dominating family was Asteraceae with 44 species followed by Ericaceae 28 species, Ranunculaceae 26 species, Polygonaceae 24 species and Rosaceae 20 species. These five families represent 34.13% of the total taxa recorded from the sanctuary. About 12 families were represented by only one species each. The most dominating genus was Rhododendron (18 species) followed by Primula (16 species), Pedicularis (15 species), Gentiana (11 species), and Impatiens (10 species). Among the different growth forms, herbs contributed the maximum (86.61 %) followed by shrubs (7.79%), trees (4.87%), climbers 0.49%, and epiphyte (0.24%).

Levantamento florístico das espécies nativas da caatinga do estado do Ceará / Floristic survey of native species of caatinga in the state of Ceará

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento florístico das espécies nativas da caatinga do estado do Ceará, conhecendo também as espécies presentes nos municipíos pertencentes aos núcleos de desertificação Irauçuba, Inhamuns e Jaguaribe para melhor comprensão das espécies ainda existentes nessas áreas. Através de levantamento bibliográficos pôde se perceber o predomínio de espécies das Famílias Fabaceas, Euphorbiaceae, Cactaéceas, dentre outras. No geral, a caatinga cearense apresenta uma representatividade de espécies nativas que precisam ser conservadas. Torna-se clara a necessidade da criação de novas Unidades de Conservação em especial para as áreas das caatingas.

Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil

We present a floristic survey for Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Of the 17 species occurring in Espírito Santo, one is recorded for the first time for the state (B. intermedia). In addition, three species were considered vulnerable or near threatened (B. alvimii, B. bahiana and B. cacaophila). Identification key for all species was presented, along with morphological descriptions, photograph plates, distribution maps, and ecological notes of the studied species.

Contribution to the flora of Ulziit Mountain in forest steppe region of Mongolia

The Ulziit Mountain has a unique ecosystem which is one of northern branch mountains of Khangai mountain range in Mongolia. Several field survey were conducted in summer in all habitats in different altitudes. A total of 314 taxa were registered belonging to 161 genera from 52 families in Ulziit Mountain flora. The family Asteraceae was found to be the largest with 37 taxa, followed by Poaceae with 30 taxa, Ranunculaceae with 24 taxa, Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae each with 17 taxa, Salicaceae with 16 taxa, and Fabaceae with 15 taxa; in total, these comprised 55.1% of all flora complements in this mountain. During the investigation, 5 species were newly recorded in the Khangai mountains forest-steppe region. The most represented life forms in the flora are hemicryptophytes (71.97%), which are common for mountain steppe vegetation. In a time of climate change, effective conservation of nature is needed at an ecosystem such as a single mountain particularly for endemic, relict and other salient species. Furthermore, such a detailed floristic survey is important for finding new records in the field of plant taxonomy and conservation of nature in these specific areas. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 195-215, 2021 (June)

Passifloraceae s.s. na Chapada do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil

A Chapada do Araripe, localizada entre os estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Piauí, abrange diferentes fitofisionomias e é reconhecida pela alta diversidade biológica e endemismos. O objetivo com este levantamento florístico foi identificar as espécies de Passifloraceae s.s. ocorrentes na Chapada do Araripe, bem como conhecer a distribuição geográfica associada aos habitats preferenciais e a fenologia, visando conhecer a flora local. Foram realizadas coletas em campo no período de fevereiro a junho/2020 em vários municípios e a coleção resultante foi depositada no Herbário Caririense Dárdano de Andrade-Lima- HCDAL. As identificações das espécies foram baseadas na análise de características morfológicas das amostras em campo, de exsicatas dos herbários CEN, EAC, HCDAL, HST, IPA, MBM, PEUFR e UFP, complementadas com o auxílio de bibliografias especializadas. Na Chapada do Araripe foram registrados nove táxons de Passiflora, ocorrendo preferencialmente em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Mata Seca), mas também há registros na Floresta Ombrófila Densa (Mata Úmida), Savana (Cerrado), Savana Florestada (Cerradão), Savana Estépica (Caatinga/Carrasco), Savana Estépica Arborizada (Caatinga Arbórea). Passifloraceae s.s. está bem representada na Chapada do Araripe e são indicadas coletas inéditas para alguns munícipios. Passifloraceae s.s. in the Chapada do Araripe, Northeast Brazil A B S T R A C TThe Chapada do Araripe is located between the states Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí, covers different phytophysiognomies and recognized by high biological diversity and endemisms. The aimed with this floristic survey was to identify species of the Passifloraceae s.s. to the Chapada do Araripe, as well as know geographic distribution associated with preferred habitats and phenology, aiming to know better local flora. Field collections were performed from February to June/2020 in several municipalities and the resulting collection is deposited at the Herbário Caririense Dárdano de Andrade Lima-HCDAL. The identifications of the species was based on the analysis of morphological characteristics of samples collected in the field and exsiccates from herbariums CEN, EAC, HCDAL, HST, IPA, MBM, PEUFR and UFP, complementered with assistance of specialized bibliographies. In the Chapada do Araripe nine taxa of Passifora were recorded, preferably occurring in the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (Mata Úmida), but also there are records in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (Mata Seca), Savanna (Cerrado), Florested Savanna (Cerradão), Stepic Savanna (Caatinga/Carrasco), Arboreus Stepic Savanna (Caatinga Arbórea) and transition zone of Savanna/ Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Passifloraceae s.s. is well represented in the Chapada do Araripe, are indicated unpublished collections for some municipalities, in addiction is necessary greater effort to collect in Piaui State.Keywords: Diversity, flora, Neotropical region, vegetation.

The Socio-economic and Environmental Implications of Supplying Charcoal in Yaounde City

This article aims to identify and assess the socio-economic and environmental implications of supplying charcoal in the city of Yaounde. To achieve the above-mentioned goal, investigations based on a standardized questionnaire (130 charcoal producers and sellers), formal interviews (7 resource persons), informal discussions, field observations and floristic survey were carried out in Bikok between the last quarter of 2016 and the second quarter of 2017. Bikok, a subdivision located in the neighbourhood of Yaounde is one of the most important supply sites of charcoal for the city. Investigations revealed that, accelerated demographic growth over the past fifty years, unemployment and poverty constitute the main factors for the increase in the production and consumption of charcoal in the city. Poverty, unemployment and the urge for the satisfaction of basic needs constituted the main reasons for involvement of 98.8% of charcoal producers in the activity. The increase in urban demand for charcoal is at the origin of several significant biophysical impacts, including the degradation of forests and soils as well as the decrease in the availability of some Non-Timber Forest Products and animal species. In the survey villages, a total area of 3.1 hectares of forest is cut each year and the average distances from inhabited areas to harvesting areas, increased from 0.8 to 5 km in 10 years. 76.6% of charcoal producers believe that some animal species are increasingly rare in the locality. On the socio-economic level, this activity creates jobs, generates income thereby increasing the living standards of producers and sellers. More than 300 people are involved in this activity who earns on average an income of 3000 to 6000 Central African Franc (XAF) per day. Decrease in the availability of certain NTFPs and damage to the health of producers constituted some of the negative socio-economic impacts of this activity. It is imperative to adopt measures to limit the negative impacts of this activity while ensuring a sustainable supply of charcoal in the city or the use of alternative sources of fuel.

Characteristics, Floristic Diversity and Structures of Stands Resulting from Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) in the Agroecozone of Tibiri in Niger

The present study was carried out in the municipality of Tibiri where assisted natural regeneration is the method adapted by agriculture to maintain trees for various reasons. The general objective of this study is to characterize the floristic diversity and the structure of the woody stand resulting from assisted natural regeneration. The methodology adopted for this study consisted of inventories of woody species and regenerations in crop fields by placing plots of 50m x 50m during the crop season. Thus twenty (20) plots were placed in the agrosystems according to homogeneity following an equidistance of 300m. The floristic survey made it possible to identify 19 species divided into 9 families of which the most represented are the Fabaceae (72%). The most represented species are P. reticulatum (30%), F. albida (17%) and P. africana (14%). These species also have the highest IVI values. The distribution of individuals by diameter class shows an "inverted J" shape with the shape parameter c = 1.959 (1 <C <3.6), characteristic of populations with a predominance of young or small diameter individuals. The total regeneration density is 2648 stems / ha, grouped into eleven (11) species showing good regeneration and dominated by G. senegalensis representing 61.93% of the density of the inventoried species followed by P. reticulatum (14 , 80%). ANR is a practice that contributes to improving the woody biodiversity of the fields where it is practiced. It is not only an alternative to greening the environment, but also provides several products and services to populations.

Myrtaceae floristic survey and vegetation distribution in a central portion of Chapada Diamantina, Brazil

Myrtaceae is an important family in the neotropics, being highlighted for its relevance in a wide range of vegetations, including those found within the Espinhaço Mountain Range (EMR). The main goal of the present work was to analyze Myrtaceae floristic composition and vegetation distribution in the municipality of Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Specimens were analyzed in herbaria, two field expeditions were carried out and a landcover classification was performed through remote sensing. The compiled dataset presented 438 records with valid taxonomical identification, from which 374 records were seen by the authors in herbaria. Nine genera and 66 species of Myrtaceae were found, representing the largest Myrtaceae diversity recorded in Chapada Diamantina so far. Four vegetation classes were detected in the landcover classification (campo rupestre, cerrado sensu lato, caatinga sensu lato, and evergreen forest), encompassing 12 phytophysiognomies validated in situ. Comparisons on species diversity within different classes of vegetation were made by overlapping the vegetation classification and Myrtaceae records, also highlighting a directional sampling effort, being the areas threatened by the agriculture expansion both subsampled and poorly known.