As climate change accelerates, foresters are looking to ever warmer climates to secure sources of climatically adapted tree seed with which to establish healthy and productive plantations. However, as seed procurement areas approach jurisdictional boundaries (states, provinces, nations), across which seed and seed transfer systems are not typically shared, innovative approaches are required to identify those plantation areas for which suitable domestic provenances will be lacking, and areas in neighbouring jurisdictions with matching warmer, future climates that could fill domestic seed supply gaps. We describe a straightforward, climate envelope approach to locate these areas, using British Columbia (BC), Canada, and the Pacific Northwest (PNW) USA to illustrate the analysis. We find that 21% of BC’s ecosystems (seed zones) will be at moderate or high risk of lacking adapted domestic provenances for plantation establishment by 2040. Importantly, however, we find large areas in the PNW that should be able to fill most of BC’s domestic seed supply gaps. Spatial analyses of this type will inform seed suppliers, managers and policymakers where alternative seed procurement arrangements are needed and underscore the operational and policy barriers to acquiring seed from warmer jurisdictions. More broadly they also highlight the need for inter-jurisdictional cooperation in matters pertaining to resource management.
Spatiotemporal seed transfer zones as an efficient restoration strategy in response to climate change
