scholarly journals Biocrusts do not differentially influence emergence and early establishment of native and non‐native grasses

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl McIntyre ◽  
Steven R. Archer ◽  
Katharine I. Predick ◽  
Jayne Belnap
Keyword(s):  
Native Grasses ◽  
Early Establishment

Seed Dormancy and Germination in Some Native Grasses 1

1944 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Coukos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

scholarly journals Vulnerability of crops and native grasses to summer drying in the U.S. Southern Great Plains

2015 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Raz-Yaseef ◽  
Dave P. Billesbach ◽  
Marc L. Fischer ◽  
Sebastien C. Biraud ◽  
Stacey A. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Niches, rather than neutrality, structure a grassland pioneer guild

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A Turnbull ◽  
Liz Manley ◽  
Mark Rees
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Very High ◽  
Early Establishment

Pioneer species are fast-growing, short-lived gap exploiters. They are prime candidates for neutral dynamics because they contain ecologically similar species whose low adult density is likely to cause widespread recruitment limitation, which slows competitive dynamics. However, many pioneer guilds appear to be differentiated according to seed size. In this paper, we compare predictions from a neutral model of community structure with three niche-based models in which trade-offs involving seed size form the basis of niche differentiation. We test these predictions using sowing experiments with a guild of seven pioneer species from chalk grassland. We find strong evidence for niche structure based on seed size: specifically large-seeded species produce fewer seeds but have a greater chance of establishing on a per-seed basis. Their advantage in establishment arises because there are more microsites suitable for their germination and early establishment and not directly through competition with other seedlings. In fact, seedling densities of all species were equally suppressed by the addition of competitors' seeds. By the adult stage, despite using very high sowing densities, there were no detectable effects of interspecific competition on any species. The lack of interspecific effects indicates that niche differentiation, rather than neutrality, prevails.

Performance of 7 Australian native grasses from the temperate zone under a range of cutting and fertiliser regimes

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
R. P. Zollinger ◽  
J. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Cutting Intensity ◽  
Weeping Grass

This glasshouse study aimed to examine the performance of 7 Australian native grasses and their responses to different cutting and fertiliser regimes. The 7 native grasses comprised 2 wallaby grasses (Austrodanthonia bipartita cv. Bunderra and Austrodanthonia setacea, Woodhouse ecotype), 2 weeping grasses (Microlaena stipoides cv. Bremmer and ecotype Coleraine), 1 spear grass (Austrostipa mollis, ecotype Lexton), 1 red-leg grass (Bothriochlora macra, ecotype Hamilton), and 1 kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra, ecotype Yass). For each of the 7 grasses, 64 pots each containing 9 plants were arranged in a 4 cutting intensity × 4 fertiliser level factorial design with 4 replicates. The cutting intensity treatments involved (1) cutting to 2 cm at 3–5-week intervals; (2) cutting to 5 cm at 3–5-week intervals; (3) cutting to 10 cm at 3–5-week intervals; and (4) cutting to 2 cm based on leaf stage. The fertiliser regimes included low, medium, and high fertility treatments by applying various rates of phosphorus, and the treatment with addition of compost tea. Herbage accumulation, shoot and root growth, plant survival and tiller density, nutritive characteristics, and leaf stage were monitored. All grass lines produced the lowest herbage mass when cut to 2 cm above ground at 3–5-week intervals. Cutting to 5 cm or to 2 cm based on leaf stage favoured herbage accumulation of Lexton spear grass, Hamilton red grass, Yass kangaroo grass, and Coleraine weeping grass. Cutting to 10 cm favoured herbage accumulation of Bremmer weeping grass and wallaby grass. Cutting to 10 cm together with high fertiliser application considerably increased herbage accumulation in comparison with treatments with low fertiliser application or with compost tea. Shoot and root biomass were maximised when plants were cut to 10 cm above ground, except Lexton spear grass which had highest root biomass when plants were managed based on leaf stage. Plant survival was dramatically affected by defoliation intensity and varied among species. Plant survival declined when plants were cut to 2 cm above ground for most species. Overall, native grasses were considered to have good nutritive characteristics with crude protein ranging from 17 to 22% and neutral detergent fibre from 48 to 60%. Results from this study indicate that it may be possible to use leaf stage as a determinant for the commencement of grazing native species. Optimum leaf stages that could be used as a grazing management guide were on average 3.4 for wallaby grass, 4.2 for weeping grass, 3 for spear grass, 3.8 for red-leg grass, and 4.4 for kangaroo grass. However, further work is required to better define this for likely seasonal variation between C3 and C4 species.

Prairie Prospects: The Aesthetics of Plainness

Prospects ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 261-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni L. Kinsey ◽  
Rebecca Roberts ◽  
Robert F. Sayre
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Subject

The ways American prairie landscapes have been used and understood, since the first Euro-American encounters with them in the early 19th century, are inseparable from how they have beenseenanddescribed. The converse is no less true for pictorial depictions and verbal accounts. Far from being disassociated, the differing actions of perception and utilization are in fact interdependent, and as such have had far-reaching consequences for human interaction with the prairie landscape itself and for the subject of prairies as it is presented in literature and art. Although it is not often acknowledged, aesthetics lie at the heart of any discussion of the landform, even in policy debates over agricultural practices or proposals to restore a tract to native grasses. And just as critical, the land's use (or disuse) directly informs its representation in written or visual portrayals, whether these concern virgin territory or cultivated terrain.

Early establishment of lesion-insensitive mature barrelettes corresponding to upper lip vibrissae in developing mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Toki ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
Ryoichi Ichikawa ◽  
Tetsuo Shirakawa ◽  
Haruhisa Oguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Lip ◽  
Early Establishment ◽  
Developing Mice

Three new species ofTilletiaon native grasses from northern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Shivas ◽  
A. R. McTaggart
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Three New Species
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