Dietary Lipid Supplementation Could Significantly Affect the Growth, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of PPARα, Leptin, and Adiponectin Genes in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

Twenty-four wether lambs were randomly allocated to six treatments to investigate the effect of temperature and dietary lipid supplements on fatty acid synthesis and metabolic activity in sheep. The treatments consisted of four groups exposed to either cold (0 °C) or warm temperature (+23 °C) and given ad libitum access to either a control barley-based diet or with lipid supplementation. Two other groups were placed on the dietary regimen at 0 °C, but pair-fed to intake of animals in the +23 °C environment. At 5 wk, fatty acid synthesis was measured by [1-14C]acetate incorporation into tissue lipids. Cold exposure and dietary lipid supplementation had no effect (P > 0.05) on in vivo fatty acid synthesis rates in either longissimus dorsi or the liver. In both subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissue depots, the rate of acetate incorporation into tissue lipid was not significantly affected by cold exposure. In the perirenal fat depot, cold exposure increased (P < 0.05) the rate of fatty acid synthesis, while lipid supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the rate in all tissue adipose depots. In vitro, mesenteric and perirenal adipose tissues from cold pair-fed animals had higher (P < 0.05) rates of fatty acid synthesis compared to tissues from animals in the warm environment. However, there was no effect of dietary lipid supplementation in these two fat depots. Metabolic heat production, and energy and nitrogen excretion by animals were increased (P < 0.05) by cold exposure while lipid supplementation had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). The relationship between average daily gain and feed intake was linear at both warm and cold environments, but with higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain at all levels of intake in the cold compared to the warm environment. Results indicate that both environment and diet regulate metabolic activity in sheep. However, there were differences in lipogenic response by tissues to the treatments. Key words: Environmental temperature, dietary lipid, fatty acid synthesis, metabolic rate, sheep

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Dietary lipid supplementation affects the body fatty acid composition but not the growth of juvenile river chub, Zacco barbata (Regan)

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00636.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 1005-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chen-Huei Huang ◽

Wen-Jiunn Shyong ◽

Way-Yee Lin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

The Body ◽

Lipid Supplementation

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Lipid metabolism in riboflavin-deficient rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19820069 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 577-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

S. E. Olpin ◽

C. J. Bates

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Riboflavin Deficiency ◽

Triglyceride Content ◽

Total Proportion ◽

Riboflavin Deficient

1. The increase in activation coefficient (stimulated: basal activity) of erythrocyte NAD(P)H2:glutathione oxidoreductase (EC 16.4.2) and reduction in hepatic flavin concentration which occurred in riboflavin-deficient weanling rats were not markedly or consistently affected by differences in the concentration of lipid in the diet nor by differences in the total proportion of saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids in the dietary lipid.2. Their gain in body-weight was, however, reduced when the dietary lipid concentration was increased from 30 to 200 g/kg and liver: body-weight and hepatic triglyceride content were correspondingly increased, suggesting a functionally-deleterious effect of high fat intake in the deficient animals. This was especially severe when the diets contained cottonseed oil, which appeared to be toxic for the deficient animals.3. Comparisons between fatty acid profiles of hepatic phospholipids of deficient, pair-fed and ad lib.-fed control animals indicated that the increase in proportion of 18:2 ω6 and the decrease in proportion of 20:4 ω6 observed in deficient animals were due specifically to riboflavin deficiency, whereas certain other changes were probably caused by inanition. The changes in 18:2ω6 and 20:4 ω6 were observed at both low and high levels of lipid intake and at both low and high levels of dietary lipid polyunsaturation. Similar changes in fatty acid profiles were observed in renal, erythrocyte membrane, and plasma phospholipids, but were not seen in cardiac phospholipids.4. A consistent increase in proportion of 18:2 ω6 was also observed in the hepatic triglycerides, together with a decrease in proportion of 16:0.5. It is concluded that acute riboflavin deficiency affects lipid metabolism in a characteristic manner, probably by interfering with β-oxidation of fatty acids, but that diets of high lipid content do not significantly increase the extent of flavin depletion.

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Effect of environmental temperature and dietary lipid supplement on activity and protein abundance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissues of sheep

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a99-050 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. A. Moibi ◽

R. J. Christopherson ◽

E. K. Okine

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Protein Abundance ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Enzyme Protein ◽

Lipid Supplementation ◽

Lipid Supplement

To determine the effects of temperature and dietary lipid on the key enzymes regulating fatty acid synthesis, 24 wether lambs were exposed to three temperature treatments (+23 °C warm, 0 °C cold, or coldpairfed) and fed either a control barley-based diet or a lipid supplemented diet for a 5-wk period. After slaughter, tissue samples were collected and frozen for analysis for enzyme activity and enzyme protein abundance. Thermal environment or lipid supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. In liver, cold exposure increased (P < 0.05) while lipid supplementation depressed (P < 0.05) ACC activity. In subcutaneous (SC) and mesenteric (MS) adipose tissue ACC activity was not affected (P > 0.05) by cold exposure. Dietary lipid supplementation increased (P < 0.05) ACC activity in both SC and MS but the increase in perirenal (PR) fat was not significant. Western-blot analysis with peroxidase-labelled streptavidin identified two isoforms of ACC (280 and 265 kDa) in LD muscle and the 280 kDa was the more abundant isoform. In liver and adipose tissues only one isoform (265 kDa) was identified but there was a poor relationship between enzyme protein abundance and activity. Neither environment nor diet affected fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in LD or liver. Cold exposure reduced (P < 0.05) FAS activity in SC tissue of ad libitum fed animals but increased FAS activity in MS tissue of pair-fed sheep and had no effect in PR fat. Dietary lipid supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) FAS activity by 30% in all three fat depots. A single isoform of FAS with MW of 260 kDa was present in all tissues examined with cold exposure increasing FAS protein expression in all tissues. The results indicate that temperature and dietary lipid affect enzyme catalytic activity with differential responses in different tissues. Key words: Environmental temperature, lipid supplement, lipogenic enzymes, enzyme activity, protein abundance, sheep

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