Comments on “Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ‐irradiated mice”

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
S. M. J. Mortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Radiation Induced

Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Choudhary ◽  
Jawahar S. Adhikari ◽  
Nabo K. Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of the Mdm2 oncoprotein by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates p53 tumor suppression and the radiosensitivity of mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (52) ◽  
pp. 15024-15029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Carr ◽  
Justine E. Roderick ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Bruce A. Woda ◽  
Michelle A. Kelliher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Tumor Suppression ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Atm Kinase ◽  
Radiation Induced

The p53 tumor suppressor acts as a guardian of the genome by preventing the propagation of DNA damage-induced breaks and mutations to subsequent generations of cells. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the Mdm2 oncoprotein at Ser394 by the ATM kinase is required for robust p53 stabilization and activation in cells treated with ionizing radiation, and that loss of Mdm2 Ser394 phosphorylation leads to spontaneous tumorigenesis and radioresistance in Mdm2S394A mice. Previous in vitro data indicate that the c-Abl kinase phosphorylates Mdm2 at the neighboring residue (Tyr393) in response to DNA damage to regulate p53-dependent apoptosis. In this present study, we have generated an Mdm2 mutant mouse (Mdm2Y393F) to determine whether c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 regulates the p53-mediated DNA damage response or p53 tumor suppression in vivo. The Mdm2Y393F mice develop accelerated spontaneous and oncogene-induced tumors, yet display no defects in p53 stabilization and activity following acute genotoxic stress. Although apoptosis is unaltered in these mice, they recover more rapidly from radiation-induced bone marrow ablation and are more resistant to whole-body radiation-induced lethality. These data reveal an in vivo role for c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 in regulation of p53 tumor suppression and bone marrow failure. However, c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 Tyr393 appears to play a lesser role in governing Mdm2-p53 signaling than ATM phosphorylation of Mdm2 Ser394. Furthermore, the effects of these phosphorylation events on p53 regulation are not additive, as Mdm2Y393F/S394A mice and Mdm2S394A mice display similar phenotypes.

scholarly journals REC-2006—A Fractionated Extract ofPodophyllum hexandrumProtects Cellular DNA from Radiation-Induced Damage by Reducing the Initial Damage and Enhancing Its RepairIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Chaudhary ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Shukla ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radiation Induced

Podophyllum hexandrum, a perennial herb commonly known as the Himalayan May Apple, is well known in Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medicine.P. hexandrumhas been widely used for the treatment of venereal warts, skin infections, bacterial and viral infections, and different cancers of the brain, lung and bladder. This study aimed at elucidating the effect of REC-2006, a bioactive fractionated extract from the rhizome ofP. hexandrum, on the kinetics of induction and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in murine thymocytesin vivo. We evaluated its effect on non-specific radiation-induced DNA damage by the alkaline halo assay in terms of relative nuclear spreading factor (RNSF) and gene-specific radiation-induced DNA damage via semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Whole body exposure of animals with gamma rays (10 Gy) caused a significant amount of DNA damage in thymocytes (RNSF values 17.7 ± 0.47, 12.96 ± 1.64 and 3.3 ± 0.014) and a reduction in the amplification ofβ-globin gene to 0, 28 and 43% at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. Administrating REC-2006 at a radioprotective concentration (15 mg kg−1body weight) 1 h before irradiation resulted in time-dependent reduction of DNA damage evident as a decrease in RNSF values 6.156 ± 0.576, 1.647 ± 0.534 and 0.496 ± 0.012, and an increase inβ-globin gene amplification 36, 95 and 99%, at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. REC-2006 scavenged radiation-induced hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner stabilized DPPH free radicals and also inhibited superoxide anions. Various polyphenols and flavonoides present in REC-2006 might contribute to scavenging of radiation-induced free radicals, thereby preventing DNA damage and stimulating its repair.

scholarly journals Radiation induced oxidative DNA base damage and its repair in liver chromatin DNA of rats upon whole body gamma-irradiation.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
T H Zastawny ◽  
B Czerwińska ◽  
B Drzewiecka ◽  
R Oliński
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Base Damage ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Liver Chromatin

The amount of all bases, except for 5,6-dihydroxyuracil were significantly increased in rat DNA upon cobalt-60 gamma-irradiation. Control values were recovered 12 h after irradiation. The extent of DNA damage and repair was different for particular bases.

Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Gholamreza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Peyman Amini ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid. Background: After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Objective: This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study. Methods: 60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment, alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon. Results and Conclusion: Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels, goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes, especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury. Conclusion: Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.

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