Aquatic toxicity tests with substances that are poorly soluble in water and consequences for environmental risk assessment

Due to wide use of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (e.g., in metal-plating, in fire-fighting foam, lubricants) and their resistance to degradation, they occur widely in the environment. The aim of this study was to estimate the environmental risk resulting from the presence of PFASs in the Gulf of Gdansk. Therefore, 17 PFASs concentrations were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, sediment ecotoxicity was investigated. The results of the chemical analysis were used to asses environmental risk of PFASs. In samples collected around discharge collectors from a wastewater treatment plant and the Vistula mouth, Σ17PFASs values were 0.00403 ÷ 40.6 and 0.509 ÷ 614 ng/g d.w., respectively. In samples collected around discharge collectors, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFHpA, and PFOA were dominating, while at the Vistula River mouth, PFHxS, PFDS, and PFBS were prevalent. For most sediments, no toxic effect was observed in the toxicity tests with Heterocypris inconguens and Aliivibrio ficsheri. There was no observed correlation between the PFASs level and their ecotoxicity. Generally, the results of environmental risk assessment indicate that the PFASs would not generate high impact on the aquatic life (five water samples have shown medium risk related to PFBS and PFDoA).

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Reducing Uncertainty in Environmental Risk Assessment (Era): Clearly Defining Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ◽

10.1897/1551-3793-5.1.175 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Torsten Hahn ◽

Jenny Stauber ◽

Stuart Dobson ◽

Paul Howe ◽

Janet Kielhorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Assessment ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Acute And Chronic Toxicity

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A Critical Review of the Availability, Reliability, and Ecological Relevance of Arctic Species Toxicity Tests for Use in Environmental Risk Assessment

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.5247 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Eldridge ◽

Benjamin P. Jourdan ◽

Mark L. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Assessment ◽

Critical Review ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Arctic Species ◽

Ecological Relevance

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morse: an R-package in support of Environmental Risk Assessment

10.1101/2021.04.07.438826 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandrine Charles ◽

Virgile Baudrot

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Assessment ◽

Survival Data ◽

R Package ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Data Set ◽

Toxicity Indices

Package morse is devoted to the analysis of experimental data collected from standard toxicity tests. It provides ready-to-use functions to visualize a data set and to estimate several toxicity indices to be further used in support of environmental risk assessment in full compliance with regulatory requirements. Such toxicity indices are indeed classical requested by standardized regulatory guidelines on which national agencies base their evaluation of applications for marketing authorisation of chemical active substances. Package morse can be used to get estimates of LCx (x% Lethal Concentration) or ECx (x% Effective Concentration) by fitting standard exposure-response models on toxicity test data. Risk indicator estimates as well as model parameters are provided along with the quantification of their uncertainty. Package morse can also be used to get estimates of the NEC (No Effect Concentration) by fitting a Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic (TKTD) model (namely GUTS models, that is General Unified Threshold models of Survival). Using GUTS models also allow to get estimates of LC(x,t) (whatever x and t) and LP(x,t), this later being defined by EFSA as the x% multiplication factor leading to an additional reduction of x% in survival at the end of the exposure profile. Above all, GUTS models can be used on data collected under time-variable exposure profiles. This paper illustrates a typical use of morse with survival data collected over time and at different increasing exposure concentrations, analysed with the reduced version of GUTS models based on the stochastic death hypothesis (namely, the GUTS-RED-SD model). This example can be followed step-by-step to analyse any new data set, as long as the data set format is respected.

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