scholarly journals Experimental evolution reveals sex‐specific dominance for surviving bacterial infection in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Amisha Agarwala ◽  
Zeeshan Ali Syed ◽  
Jigisha . ◽  
Mayank Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Populations

scholarly journals Sex, amitosis, and evolvability in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A Tarkington ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Ricardo Azevedo ◽  
Rebecca Zufall
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Sexual Progeny ◽  
Open Question

Understanding the mechanisms that generate genetic variation, and thus contribute to the process of adaptation, is a major goal of evolutionary biology. Mutation and genetic exchange have been well studied as mechanisms to generate genetic variation. However, there are additional processes that may also generate substantial genetic variation in some populations and the extent to which these variation generating mechanisms are themselves shaped by natural selection is still an open question. Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliate with an unusual mechanism of nuclear division, called amitosis, which can generate genetic variation among the asexual descendants of a newly produced sexual progeny. We hypothesize that amitosis thus increases the evolvability of newly produced sexual progeny relative to species that undergo mitosis. To test this hypothesis, we used experimental evolution and simulations to compare the rate of adaptation in T. thermophila populations founded by a single sexual progeny to parental populations that had not had sex in many generations. The populations founded by a sexual progeny adapted more quickly than parental populations in both laboratory populations and simulated populations. This suggests that the additional genetic variation generated by amitosis of a heterozygote can increase the rate of adaptation following sex and may help explain the evolutionary success of the unusual genetic architecture of Tetrahymena and ciliates more generally.

scholarly journals Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Arnold ◽  
Zer Vue ◽  
Heather Beasley ◽  
Edgar Garza Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Experimental evolution with Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively for decades to study aging and longevity. In recent years, the addition of DNA and RNA sequencing to this framework has allowed researchers to leverage the statistical power inherent to experimental evolution study the genetic basis of longevity itself. Here we incorporated metabolomic data into to this framework to generate even deeper insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying longevity differences in three groups of experimentally evolved D. melanogaster populations with different aging and longevity patterns. Our metabolomic analysis found that aging alters mitochondrial metabolism through increased consumption of NAD+ and increased usage of the TCA cycle. Combining our genomic and metabolomic data produced a list of biologically relevant candidate genes. Among these candidates, we found significant enrichment for genes and pathways associated with neurological development and function, and carbohydrate metabolism. While we do not explicitly find enrichment for aging canonical genes, neurological dysregulation and carbohydrate metabolism are both known to be associated with accelerated aging and reduced longevity. Taken together, our results in total provide very plausible genetic mechanisms for what might be driving longevity differences in this experimental system. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the value of combining multiple types of omic data with experimental evolution when attempting to dissect mechanisms underlying complex and highly polygenic traits like aging.

scholarly journals Experimental Evolution under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions Does Not Reproduce Patterns of Adaptive Clinal Differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Kellermann ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Torsten Nygaard Kristensen ◽  
Neda Nasiri Moghadam ◽  
Volker Loeschcke
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Thermal Conditions

scholarly journals Evolution of reduced pre-adult viability and larval growth rate in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for shorter development time

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. PRASAD ◽  
MALLIKARJUN SHAKARAD ◽  
VISHAL M. GOHIL ◽  
V. SHEEBA ◽  
M. RAJAMANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faster Development

Four large (n > 1000) populations of Drosophila melanogaster, derived from control populations maintained on a 3 week discrete generation cycle, were subjected to selection for fast development and early reproduction. Egg to eclosion survivorship and development time and dry weight at eclosion were monitored every 10 generations. Over 70 generations of selection, development time in the selected populations decreased by approximately 36 h relative to controls, a 20% decline. The difference in male and female development time was also reduced in the selected populations. Flies from the selected populations were increasingly lighter at eclosion than controls, with the reduction in dry weight at eclosion over 70 generations of selection being approximately 45% in males and 39% in females. Larval growth rate (dry weight at eclosion/development time) was also reduced in the selected lines over 70 generations, relative to controls, by approximately 32% in males and 24% in females. However, part of this relative reduction was due to an increase in growth rate of the controls populations, presumably an expression of adaptation to conditions in our laboratory. After 50 generations of selection had elapsed, a considerable and increasing pre- adult viability cost to faster development became apparent, with viability in the selected populations being about 22% less than that of controls at generation 70 of selection.

Divergence of responses to variable socio‐sexual environments in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolving under altered operational sex ratios

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Maggu ◽  
Neetika Ahlawat ◽  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Abhishek Meena ◽  
Nagaraj Guru Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Operational Sex Ratios

Experimental evolution of resistance against a competing fungus in Drosophila melanogaster

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Wölfle ◽  
Monika Trienens ◽  
Marko Rohlfs
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

scholarly journals The genetic architecture of defence as resistance to and tolerance of bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1533-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Howick ◽  
Brian P. Lazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Genetic Architecture

scholarly journals The effect of diet and time after bacterial infection on fecundity, resistance, and tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. 4229-4242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. M. Kutzer ◽  
Sophie A. O. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacterial Infection
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