Inter‐annual climate variability constrains rice genetic improvement in China

The importance of rice (Oryza sativa) is indisputable this cereal is the staple food for half of the global population. Genetic progress estimation allows evaluation of the effectiveness of genetic improvement of crops and helps in the planning of breeding programs. This paper aims to estimate the genetic yield progress made by the program in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which is run by the Epamig/UFV/Embrapa consortium. A total of 210 lines were evaluated by value for cultivation and use testing that was conducted in the municipalities of Janaúba, Leopoldina, and Lambari, from 1993 to 2016. Based on Vencovsky’s (1986) method, the genetic gains in Lambari, Janaúba, and Leopoldina were 1.46, 0.14, and 0.11%, respectively. The gain in Leopoldina was considered very low during the evaluated period. According to Breseghello’s (1998) method, the annual average genetic gain was 0.23 and 0.04% in Lambari and Janaúba, respectively. In Leopoldina, a yield gain of - 2.37% per year was observed for the evaluation period from 1994 to 1999, and a yield gain of 0.1% per year was observed from 2000 to 2016. These results can be explained by the focus on quality as a strategy for the breeding program in Minas Gerais State in the 1990s. Vencovsky’s (1986) and Breseghello’s (1998) methods were able to quantify yield gains and demonstrate the dynamics of the irrigated rice genetic improvement program in Minas Gerais State.

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Rice genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in Africa.

Realizing Africa's rice promise ◽

10.1079/9781845938123.0144 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 144-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. N. Dramé ◽

B. Manneh ◽

A. M. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Rice Genetic

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A Rice Genetic Improvement Boom by Next Generation Sequencing

Current Issues in Molecular Biology ◽

10.21775/cimb.027.109 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 109-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiangchun Zhou ◽

Xufeng Bai ◽

Yongzhong Xing

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Next Generation ◽

Rice Genetic ◽

Generation Sequencing

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Coordinated regulation of vegetative and reproductive branching in rice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1521949112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (50) ◽

pp. 15504-15509 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Lei Wang ◽

Shengyuan Sun ◽

Jiye Jin ◽

Debao Fu ◽

Xuefei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Gene Network ◽

Inflorescence Meristem ◽

Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein ◽

Spl Genes ◽

Branching Patterns ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Rice Genetic ◽

Fine Tune

Grasses produce tiller and panicle branching at vegetative and reproductive stages; the branching patterns largely define the diversity of grasses and constitute a major determinant for grain yield of many cereals. Here we show that a spatiotemporally coordinated gene network consisting of the MicroRNA 156 (miR156/)miR529/SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) and miR172/APETALA2 (AP2) pathways regulates tiller and panicle branching in rice. SPL genes negatively control tillering, but positively regulate inflorescence meristem and spikelet transition. Underproduction or overproduction of SPLs reduces panicle branching, but by distinct mechanisms: miR156 and miR529 fine-tune the SPL levels for optimal panicle size. miR172 regulates spikelet transition by targeting AP2-like genes, which does not affect tillering, and the AP2-like proteins play the roles by interacting with TOPLESS-related proteins (TPRs). SPLs modulate panicle branching by directly regulating the miR172/AP2 and PANICLE PHYTOMER2 (PAP2)/Rice TFL1/CEN homolog 1 (RCN1) pathways and also by integrating other regulators, most of which are not involved in tillering regulation. These findings may also have significant implications for understanding branching regulation of other grasses and for application in rice genetic improvement.

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Eksplorasi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v10n1.2004.p23-27 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Sri Astuti

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Food Crops ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Local Cultivar ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Rice Genetic

AbstractWest Kalimantan is are area of tropical rain forest with high rainfall more than 3600 millimeter per year. Potential areas for food crops are 11,6 million ha, only 1,03 million are effective for agriculture activity and 255.339 ha for intensification based on 57.5-73.8% of which used high yielding varieties and less than 42% used local variety. The varieties planted by the native have specific use and maintained from generation to generation. Many of local cultivar were planted by Dayak tribe in the deepest of West Kalimantan. Exploration on Food Crops was conducted to collect germplasm of paddy and palawija which were conserved and evaluated, and would be used as the source of gene in rice genetic improvement. The result of this exploration from the 7 district were 191 accessions germplasm of the food crops which were 129 accessions paddy consists of 69 accessions of lowland rice, 31 accessions of upland rice, and 29 accessions of tidal swamp rice. About 62 accessions palawija germplasm consist of 3 accessions of corns, 11 accessions of cassava, 17 accessions of sweetpotato, 6 accessions of peanut, 1 accessions of mungbean, 6 accessions of jam, 15 accessions of taro, 2 accessions of cowpea, and 1 accessions of jewawut.AbstrakKalimantan Barat mempunyai iklim hutan tropis dengan curah hujan di atas 3600 mm. Dari 11,6 juta ha lahan yang berpotensi untuk tanaman pangan, baru dimanfaatkan 1,03 juta ha. Dari seluas 235.395 ha areal intensifikasi padi, 58,3% di antaranya telah ditanami varietas unggul dan sisanya varietas lokal. Varietas-varietas lokal yang ditanam penduduk mempunyai karakteristik spesifik, merupakan kebanggaan warga yang turun temurun dipertahankan oleh sukunya. Masih banyak jumlahnya kultivar lokal yang ditanam oleh penduduk suku-suku dayak di pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Eksplorasi tanaman pangan bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan plasma nutfah padi dan palawija untuk dikonservasi, diberdayakan, dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber gen, untuk perbaikan sifat ketahanan dan toleransi terhadap hama dan penyakit dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Hasil eksplorasi dari 7 kabupaten telah terkumpul sejumlah 191 aksesi plasma nutfah tanaman pangan, yaitu sebanyak 129 aksesi padi terdiri dari 69 aksesi padi sawah, 31 aksesi padi ladang dan 29 aksesi padi pasang surut. Sebanyak 62 plasma nutfah palawija terdiri dari 3 aksesi jagung, 11 aksesi ubi kayu, 17 aksesi ubi jalar, 6 aksesi kacang tanah, 1 aksesi kacang hijau, 6 aksesi ubi kelapa/krimbang, 15 aksesi talas, 2 aksesi kacang tunggak dan 1 aksesi jewawut.

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