Frequency dependence and gender effects in visual cortical regions involved in temporal frequency dependent pattern processing

Abstract Background Computerized stabilometry has been utilized to investigate the effect of vision on the neuromechanisms of human postural control. However, this approach lacks operational methods to quantify visual dependency during upright stance. This study had three goals: (1) To introduce the concept of visuo-postural dependency indices (VPDI) representing balance sway characteristics in multiple analytical domains (spatial, temporal, frequency, and structural), (2) To investigate the age and gender effects on VPDIs, and (3) To investigate the degree of relationships between VPDI and both subjective visual vertical and horizontal perception (SVV and SVH, respectively). Methods 102 participants (16 to 80 years old) performed bipedal stances on a force platform with eyes open and closed. Response variables included the VPDIs computed for each postural index. In addition, 29 participants also performed SVV and SVH assessments. Results Fifteen VPDIs showed to be robust indicators of visual input modulation, and the variation across their magnitudes of modulation revealed a non-homogeneous response to changes in visual stimuli. Gender and age were not found to be a significant factor to VPDI modulation. Conclusions VPDIs revealed to be potential measures capable to quantitatively assess visuo-postural dependency and aid the assessment of fall risks and balance impairments.

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Alcoholism gender differences in brain responsivity to emotional stimuli

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.41723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kayle S Sawyer ◽

Nasim Maleki ◽

Trinity Urban ◽

Ksenija Marinkovic ◽

Steven Karson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽

Underlying Basis ◽

And Gender ◽

Cortical Regions

Men and women may use alcohol to regulate emotions differently, with corresponding differences in neural responses. We explored how the viewing of different types of emotionally salient stimuli impacted brain activity observed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 42 long-term abstinent alcoholic (25 women) and 46 nonalcoholic (24 women) participants. Analyses revealed blunted brain responsivity in alcoholic compared to nonalcoholic groups, as well as gender differences in those activation patterns. Brain activation in alcoholic men (ALCM) was significantly lower than in nonalcoholic men (NCM) in regions including rostral middle and superior frontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex, whereas activation was higher in alcoholic women (ALCW) than in nonalcoholic women (NCW) in superior frontal and supramarginal cortical regions. The reduced brain reactivity of ALCM, and increases for ALCW, highlighted divergent brain regions and gender effects, suggesting possible differences in the underlying basis for development of alcohol use disorders.

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Spatial Frequency Dependence of the Human Visual Cortical Response to Temporal Frequency Modulation studied by fMRI

2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference ◽

10.1109/iembs.2005.1615807 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

A. Mirzajani ◽

M.A. Oghabian ◽

N. Riyahi-Alam ◽

H. Saberi ◽

K. Firuznia

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Frequency Dependence ◽

Frequency Modulation ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Cortical Response ◽

Visual Cortical

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Alcoholism Gender Differences in Brain Responsivity to Emotional Stimuli

10.1101/428565 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kayle S. Sawyer ◽

Nasim Maleki ◽

Trinity Urban ◽

Ksenija Marinkovic ◽

Steven A. Karson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Emotional Stimuli ◽

Underlying Basis ◽

And Gender ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

The Impact

AbstractMen and women may use alcohol to regulate their emotions differently, with corresponding differences in neural responses. We examined how photographs of emotional stimuli impacted brain activity obtained through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 42 alcoholic (25 women) and 46 nonalcoholic (24 women) participants. Brain responsivity was blunted in alcoholic compared to nonalcoholic groups. Further analyses indicated significant gender differences in the impact of alcoholism. Brain activation of the alcoholic men (ALCM) was significantly lower than that of the alcoholic women (ALCW) and nonalcoholic men (NCM) in regions including the inferior parietal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and postcentral gyrus, whereas activation was higher in the ALCW than in the nonalcoholic women (NCW) in superior frontal and supramarginal cortical regions. The reduced brain reactivity of ALCM and increases for ALCW highlighted divergent brain regions and gender effects, suggesting possible differences in the underlying basis for development of alcohol use disorders.

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Visuo-postural Dependency Index (VPDI) in Human Postural Control.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108505/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alessander Danna-dos-Santos ◽

Maria M Ribeiro dos Santos ◽

Alessandra T Magalhaes ◽

Vinicius S Cardoso ◽

Patricia Driusso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Visual Vertical ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Fall Risks ◽

And Gender ◽

Dependency Index ◽

Operational Methods

Abstract Background: Computerized stabilometry has been utilized to investigate the effect of vision on the neuromechanisms of human postural control. However, this approach lacks operational methods to quantify visual dependency during upright stance. Objectives: The study had three goals: (1) To introduce the concept of visuo-postural dependency indices (VPDI) representing balance sway characteristics in multiple analytical domains (spatial, temporal, frequency, and structural), (2) To investigate the age and gender effects on VPDIs, and (3) To investigate the degree of relationships between VPDI and both subjective visual vertical and horizontal perception (SVV and SVH, respectively). Methods: 102 participants (16 to 80 years old) performed bipedal stance on a force platform with eyes open and closed. Response variables included the VPDIs computed for each postural index. In addition, 29 participants also performed SVV and SVH assessments. Results: Fifteen VPDIs showed to be robust indicators of visual input modulation, and the variation across their magnitudes of modulation revealed a non-homogeneous response to changes in visual stimuli. Gender and age were not found to be a significant factor to VPDI modulation. Conclusions: VPDIs revealed to be potential measures capable to quantitatively assess visuo-postural dependency and aid the assessment of fall risks and balance impairments.

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School Composition and Gender Effects on Body Image and Eating

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509222008-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Maria A. Urani ◽

Ann M. Sauer

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Gender Effects ◽

School Composition ◽

And Gender

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Multilevel analyses of personality, social, and gender effects on group climate and efficacy

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633962013-704 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Susannah Paletz ◽

Judith Orasanu ◽

Yuri Tada ◽

Roberta Bernhard ◽

Ute Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Effects ◽

Multilevel Analyses ◽

Group Climate ◽

And Gender

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The Governance of Global Agri-food Value Chains, Standards, and Development

The Oxford Handbook of Institutions of International Economic Governance and Market Regulation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900571.013.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Johan Swinnen ◽

Rob Kuijpers

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Value Chain ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Global Value Chains ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Value Chains ◽

Food Standards ◽

Institutional Spillovers ◽

And Gender

Understanding the development implications of agri-food standards and global value chains is crucial, as they are a fundamental component of developing countries’ growth potential and could increase rural incomes and reduce poverty, but at the same time they present serious challenges and could lead to further marginalization of the poor. This chapter reviews some of the implications of the spread of stringent standards associated with global value chains for developing countries and global poverty reduction. The chapter focuses on five aspects: the interaction between standards and value chain governance; the effects on agricultural productivity and smallholder welfare; farm-level and institutional spillovers; labor market and gender effects; and the interaction between liberalization policies and value chains.

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