scholarly journals When the leaky pipeline erodes: Female graduate student parents and the ramifications of the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-668
Author(s):  
Andrea Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
Leaky Pipeline ◽  
Female Graduate Student

Understanding Graduate Student Parents: Influence of Parental Status, Gender, and Major on Graduate Students’ Motivation, Stress, and Satisfaction

2022 ◽  
pp. 152102512110722
Author(s):  
Hyeon Jean Yoo ◽  
David T. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Special Population ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
And Gender

Graduate student parents are a unique subpopulation in higher education that accounts for a large proportion of graduate students. While student parents struggle to balance multiple roles, female students in STEM fields may face more significant barriers in balancing family and academic responsibilities compared to male graduate student parents or female students in non-STEM fields. Despite the urgent need to support this special population, little attention has been paid to how parental status, major, and gender affect graduate students. In this quantitative study of 545 graduate students, we examined the influence of parental status, major, and gender on motivation, stress, and satisfaction. A series of factorial ANOVAs found significant differences in motivation and mental health between graduate student parents and non-parents. Our findings highlight the importance of providing adequate resources to graduate students according to their status.

Four Types of Reinforcement Processes in Humans

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Haruki ◽  
Hideko Ito ◽  
Yoshitaka Oue ◽  
Kaneo Nedate
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Test Card ◽  
External Reinforcement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Female Graduate Student

The hypothesis tested was that the type of reinforcement (with regard to the administrator and the recipient) is responsible for differentiating the efficiency of learning in humans. The first type, termed external reinforcement, is one in which the experimenter controls and the subject receives the reinforcement. The second type is self-reinforcement, i.e., the subject controls and receives the reinforcement. The third type ( internal reinforcement) reverses the subject-experimenter relationship employed in the first type. The fourth type ( alien reinforcement) occurs when the experimenter replaces the subject's role played in the second type. In Exp. I, 30 male undergraduates learned to choose as correct a nonsense syllable among four such syllables on each test card. A male graduate student served as the experimenter. Results indicated that the subjects can learn the task under the conditions of the fourth type of reinforcement as well as the first type. The fourth type was superior in its effect on learning. In Exp. II, 19 male undergraduates learned to choose one of the four meaningful words, and a female graduate student served as experimenter. Neither the second nor the third type was effective. It was concluded that the type of reinforcement in which the experimenter is reinforced by himself seems most effective in facilitating learning, due probably to some motivational factor.

The Older Female Graduate Student in Gerontology:

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Juanita L. Garcia ◽  
Jordan I Kosberg
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Female Graduate Student

Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Female Graduate Student in the US and the UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Marie Mehta ◽  
Emily Keener ◽  
Lydia Shrier
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Female Graduate Student

Effects of Modeling and Audience on an Aversive Task

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pattinson ◽  
Richard A. Pasewark
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Model Condition ◽  
Female Graduate Student

Using magnitude of self-administered shock as the aversive task, 90 female undergraduate volunteer subjects were exposed to one of three conditions: (1) no-model condition in which a subject was asked to self-administer an electric shock; (2) model condition wherein a subject witnessed a young female graduate student self-administer increasingly stronger shocks; and (3) model + audience condition in which a non-evaluative audience witnessed the model condition. Analysis of variance indicated that neither model nor presence of an audience combined with a model affected willingness to self-administer higher levels of shock.

scholarly journals Standard Chinese (Beijing)

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Sum Lee ◽  
Eric Zee
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Female Graduate Student

The style of speech illustrated is that typical of the educated younger generation in Beijing. The recording is that of a 25-year-old female graduate student who has lived all her life in Beijing.

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