Cross-Cultural and Gender Comparison of Emotional Connotation of Words

So far, scientists have researched to explore the emotional connotation of words in different native languages and genders. This study investigates how connotations of words differ by cultures and genders by inspecting valence values, which indicates how happy people feel about specific words in datasets obtained from USA, Spain, and Portuguese. To fulfill the objective, we categorized people’s feelings evoked by the words based on a criterion created by adding or subtracting standard deviation to or from valence means for the upper and lower bound. Then, words with valence values outside of the upper and lower bounds were categorized as emotional words (positive or negative) and were analyzed. The results show that people of different cultures are more connected regarding the perception of negative connotation of words than positive connotation. Moreover, Portuguese and Spanish are more connected than either of them with the US as they have more emotion words in common. On the gender aspect, we notice that females tend to give more extreme ratings for words than males. Furthermore, the analysis shows that males have a more positive feeling towards sex-related words than females. Overall, this study outlines a way for people interested in anthropology to understand the differences in the emotional connotation of words between males and females and across cultures.

Estimation of Breath Holding Time (BHT) among Dental Students

Background: Breath holding time is the time taken by an individual to hold his/her breath as long as they can. During voluntary breath holding, tissues continue to utilize oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide. Therefore, during breath holding arterial pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. Normal Breath holding time (BHT) is 45-55 seconds which is estimated at 2014. The main aim of this study is to assess the breath holding time among healthy dental students. Materials and Methods: A minimal number of sample sizes have been taken into account with regards to their BMI. The sample size was divided into two groups as gender comparison. Students were detail explained about the procedure and breath holding time has been measured. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test in SPSS Software-23 and an independent t-test was calculated. Results: BHT was found to be significantly low among females compared to males. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed when BHT is correlated with gender because BHT differs in both the gender. Conclusion: The present study revealed that breath holding time is less in females compared to males. Therefore, males are healthier than females.

Detección de déficits neuromusculares a través del análisis del patrón de salto y aterrizaje en deportistas adolescentes

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar el rendimiento de la técnica del salto y aterrizaje en deportistas adolescentes mediante la versión modificada del Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA). Como objetivo secundario se compararon los resultados obtenidos, según sexo. Se puntuó cada variable de la herramienta mediante el análisis en video de la prueba de los 75 participantes incluidos en el estudio. Las variables contempladas fueron la puntuación global del TJA y cada criterio del instrumento: 1) Valgo de la extremidad inferior en el aterrizaje; 2) Muslos no paralelos (punto máximo de salto); 3) Muslos no alineados durante la fase de vuelo; 4) Mala alineación de los pies con los hombros; 5) Posición de los pies no paralela (de la punta al talón); 6) Contacto desigual de los pies (aterrizaje asimétrico); 7) Demasiado ruido en el aterrizaje; 8) Pausa entre saltos; 9) La técnica empeora antes de los 10 segundos; 10) No aterriza en el mismo punto (salto consistente). Los valores promedios de la puntuación global de la versión modificada del TJA fueron 8,85±2,31 en el total de la muestra (8,85±2,63 hombres vs. 8,86±2,14 mujeres). Los resultados de la comparación según sexo indicaron diferencias significativas en el criterio 1 (χ2=10,288; p< 0,01), en el criterio 2 (χ2=20,788; p< 0,01), en el criterio 4 (χ2=22,587; p< 0,01) y en el criterio 10 (χ2=8,883; p< 0,01). En consecuencia, el análisis del patrón de salto y aterrizaje permite identificar alteraciones neuromusculares y biomecánicas del patrón de salto-aterrizaje. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the performance of the jump and landing technique in adolescent team sports athletes through the modified version of the Tuck Jump Assessment, (TJA). As a secondary objective, the results obtained were compared, according to sex. Each outcome measure of the tool was scored through video analysis of the test of the 75 participants included in the study. The main outcome measures were the total score of TJA and each of the ten items: Knee valgus at landing (1), thighs do not reach parallel (2), thighs not equal side-to-side (3), foot placement not shoulder width apart (4), foot placement not parallel (5), foot contact timing not equal (6), excessive landing contact noise (7), pause between jumps (8), technique declines prior to ten seconds (9), and does not land in the same footprint (10). The variables contemplated were the global score of the TJA and the ten criteria of the instrument. The average values of the global score of the modified version of the TJA were 8.85±2.31 in the total sample (8.85±2.63 men vs. 8.86±2.14 women). The results of the gender comparison indicated significant differences in item 1 (χ2=10,288; p< 0,01), item 2 (χ2=20,788; p<0,01), item 4 (χ2=22,587; p<0,01) and item 10 (χ2=8,883; p< 0,01). Consequently, the analysis of the jump and landing pattern makes it possible to identify neuromuscular and biomechanical alterations of the jump-landing pattern. O objetivo principal do presente estúdio fue analisar o rendimiento da técnica do salto e aterrissagem em deportistas adolescentes mediante a versão modificada do Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA). Como objetivo secundário se comparar os resultados obtidos, según sexo. Se puntuó cada variável do herramienta mediante a análise no vídeo da prueba dos 75 participantes incluidos no estudio. As variáveis contempladas na versão global do TJA e cada critério do instrumento: 1) Valgo de la extremidad inferior en el aterrizaje; 2) Muslos no paralelos (ponto máximo de salto); 3) Muslos no alineados durante la fase de vuelo; 4) Mala alineación de los pies con los hombros; 5) Posición de los pies no paralela (de la punta al talón); 6) Contacto desigual de los pies (aterrizaje asimétrico); 7) Demasiado ruido en el aterrizaje; 8) Pausa entre saltos; 9) La técnica empeora antes de los 10 segundos; 10) No aterriza en el mismo punto (salto consistente). Os valores prometidos da versão global modificada do TJA fueron 8,85 ± 2,31 no total da muestra (8,85 ± 2,63 hombres vs. 8,86 ± 2,14 mujeres). Os resultados da comparação segundo sexo indicaron diferencias relevantes no critério 1 (χ2 = 10.288; p <0,01), no critério 2 (χ2 = 20.788; p <0,01), no critério 4 (χ2 = 22.587 ; p <0,01) e o critério 10 (χ2 = 8.883; p <0,01). Na sequência, a análise do patrón de salto y aterrizaje permite identificar alterações neuromusculares y biomecánicas del patrón de salto-aterrizaje.

Arabian undergraduates perceptions regarding barriers among the geriatric patients for failing to keep dental appointments: A cross-sectional study

Background: Regular visits to the health care providers can develop a relationship that can extend beyond the physical health alone as the patient is transiting towards older age, adapting to changes in physical health, emotional health, and social connections. Apart from limiting access to health care services, the attitudes, beliefs, comfort level of the treating doctors towards the geriatric patients can motivate or demotivate them to access dental care. Aims: To explore the Saudi Arabian undergraduate student’s perception of geriatric patients' and identify potential barriers that prevent the utilization of their dental appointment. Methods: A close-ended questionnaire with one question and eight reasons was administered to the 5th year clinical students. The students were requested to specify their agreement with each question on 5 points Likert scale. Among the barriers presented, each reason's approval was expressed as the percentage of the total number of responses. In addition, the gender comparison of mean scores was made, and an independent sample t-test was used to analyze the statements agreed by the students. All analyses were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) version 21.0 (IBM, USA) with the probability of statistical significance at 0.05 level. Results: Fifty-one students recorded their perceptions on the questionnaire administered during their clinical posting in the fifth year of the geriatric dental education program. It was concluded that students believed that geriatric patients give overwhelming importance to other problems with minor importance to oral health care. In addition, gender comparison was more evident as the percentage expressed was more in females. Conclusion: There is a need for more clinical exposure of geriatric patients during their clinical postings. Student’s acquaintance with didactic and clinical settings appears to be a critical element towards positive knowledge and attitude towards the geriatric population. Keywords: Geriatric dentistry, perception about geriatric, dental students, geriatric patients

Evaluation of Cephalometric Standards for Zanjanian Population According to Downs' Analysis

Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals. Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity. Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.

Refugee Health: A Gender Comparison in Health Care Access

Research suggests that Canada's newly arrived immigrant and refugee communities tend to be healthier than the domestic population, and that their health declines over time. Studies examining immigrant and refugee health primarily focus on how barriers associated with language, the settlement experience, culture, and systemic processes impede the utilization of health services among refugee men and women respectively. However, without the benefit of a gender comparison, such studies fail to identify the variation in health needs and differences in health-seeking between refugee men and women, and are thus limited in their capacity to improve service utilization. Drawing from exiting literature on refugee health status pre-migration and during resettlement, this paper implicates the role of health care reform processes in exploring the gender differences in access and health-seeking. A postcolonial feminist epistemology is advanced as a means to include the voices of refugees and other marginalized groups in future research and practice in order to encourage substantive change.

Refugee Health: A Gender Comparison in Health Care Access

Research suggests that Canada's newly arrived immigrant and refugee communities tend to be healthier than the domestic population, and that their health declines over time. Studies examining immigrant and refugee health primarily focus on how barriers associated with language, the settlement experience, culture, and systemic processes impede the utilization of health services among refugee men and women respectively. However, without the benefit of a gender comparison, such studies fail to identify the variation in health needs and differences in health-seeking between refugee men and women, and are thus limited in their capacity to improve service utilization. Drawing from exiting literature on refugee health status pre-migration and during resettlement, this paper implicates the role of health care reform processes in exploring the gender differences in access and health-seeking. A postcolonial feminist epistemology is advanced as a means to include the voices of refugees and other marginalized groups in future research and practice in order to encourage substantive change.

How coach leadership is related to the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between coach leadership and the coach-athlete relationship. Eighty-one elite athletes ( M = 20.4 years; SD = 3.8; 58% female and 42% male) responded to questionnaires pertaining to their coaches’ leadership behaviours and the quality of their relationship. The overall model for predicting the quality of the coach-athlete relationship according to perceived coach leadership behaviours explained 61% of the variance. Three transformational leadership behaviours were positively associated with the quality of the coach-athlete relationship: individualized consideration, appropriate role-modelling, and fostering acceptance of group goals and teamwork. Based on a gender comparison, men perceived higher levels of leadership pertaining to role-modelling and intellectual stimulation, in addition to higher levels of quality for the coach-athlete relationship. This research emphasizes the importance of engaging in transformational leadership behaviours with regards to associations with perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship in elite sport contexts.

Centralised Lithuanian Language and Literature Assessments of Secondary School Students: Population Analysis

The aim is to analyse assessments of Lithuanian language and literature for the entire secondary school student population focusing on gender comparison, and development of models for the prediction of achievements. We use the results of the 10th grade test for the period 2011–2015 and the same cohorts in the Matura exam. Gender differences are observed in analysed national centralized assessments. The distribution of the 10th grade test achievements resembles the bell-shaped curve, whereas the Matura – do not.