Prediction of DO Concentration in Nakdong River Estuary through Case Study Based on Long Short Term Memory Model

In this study, we carried out case study to predict dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of Nakdong river estuary with LSTM model. we aimed to figure out a optimal model condition and appropriate predictor for prediction in dissolved oxygen concentration with model parameter and predictor as cases. Model parameter case study results showed that Epoch = 300 and Sequence length = 1 showed higher accuracy than other conditions. In predictor case study, it was highest accuracy where DO and Temperature were used as a predictor, it was caused by high correlation between DO concentration and Temperature. From above results, we figured out an appropriate model condition and predictor for prediction in DO concentration of Nakdong river estuary.

Variational Bayesian Approach to Condition-Invariant Feature Extraction for Visual Place Recognition

As mobile robots perform long-term operations in large-scale environments, coping with perceptual changes becomes an important issue recently. This paper introduces a stochastic variational inference and learning architecture that can extract condition-invariant features for visual place recognition in a changing environment. Under the assumption that a latent representation of the variational autoencoder can be divided into condition-invariant and condition-sensitive features, a new structure of the variation autoencoder is proposed and a variational lower bound is derived to train the model. After training the model, condition-invariant features are extracted from test images to calculate the similarity matrix, and the places can be recognized even in severe environmental changes. Experiments were conducted to verify the proposed method, and the experimental results showed that our assumption was reasonable and effective in recognizing places in changing environments.

A novel personal ventilation strategy to circumvent aerosol transmission

In the pandemic of COVID-19, a rigorous lockdown or social distancing will mitigate transmission, but some alternative strategy is needed especially for mass-gathering events. Given that the main path of transmission is through droplets or aerosols, a swift removal of them immediately after exhalation, which may attain “personal air zoning”, would be more effective and feasible than whole room ventilations. In the present study, an artificial fog was employed as a model aerosol to be exhaled and readily visualized on movies and quantified on dust indicators. The temporal and spatial distribution of this model microdroplet amounts corresponded reasonably well with previously published data, where talking air flow was quantified as a negative staining, in that it predominates below the mouth height rather than horizontal, and that it travels forward over 1.5 m in 30 sec. Under this model condition, nearly 99% of exhaled microdroplets could be efficiently blown up beyond the bystanders’ head heights, when a minimal air flow (2.5 m/s) was applied, using a typical personal cooling fan just below the chin. This swift upward removal of microdroplets would prevent bystanders’ immediate inhalation and provide sufficient probation periods for safe exhaustion from indoor spaces.

Infant imitation in a third-party context

The present study examined 17-month-olds’ imitation in a third-party context. In four experiments, the infants watched while a reliable or an unreliable model demonstrated a novel action with an unfamiliar (Experiments 1 and 3) or a familiar (Experiments 2 and 4) object to another adult. In Experiments 3 and 4, the second adult imitated the model’s novel action. Neither the familiarity of the object or whether or not the second adult copied the model’s behavior influenced the likelihood of infant imitation. Findings showed that the infants in the reliable model condition were more willing to imitate the model’s action with the unfamiliar object. The results suggest that infants take into account the reliability of a model even when the model has not directly demonstrated her reliability to the infant.

Efficiency of Pseudomonas aureofaciens colonization in wheat rhizosphere under model condition

The survival of Pseudomonas aureofaciens in the wheat rhizosphere was studied. A significant increase in the number of pseudomonads and tetracycline resistant bacteria was shown when introduced into the model system of strains.

Distinct insulin granule subpopulations implicated in the secretory pathology of diabetes types 1 and 2

Insulin secretion from β-cells is reduced at the onset of type-1 and during type-2 diabetes. Although inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of β-cells elicit secretory defects associated with type-1 or type-2 diabetes, accompanying changes to insulin granules have not been established. To address this, we performed detailed functional analyses of insulin granules purified from cells subjected to model treatments that mimic type-1 and type-2 diabetic conditions and discovered striking shifts in calcium affinities and fusion characteristics. We show that this behavior is correlated with two subpopulations of insulin granules whose relative abundance is differentially shifted depending on diabetic model condition. The two types of granules have different release characteristics, distinct lipid and protein compositions, and package different secretory contents alongside insulin. This complexity of β-cell secretory physiology establishes a direct link between granule subpopulation and type of diabetes and leads to a revised model of secretory changes in the diabetogenic process.

Multifactor Violator Model. Condition-factors and Resource-factors

Attack scenarios with limitations were investigated. Resource-factors and condition-factors were set as two types of limitations. Resource-factors are spent at each step of attack and can be replenished completely or partially if a given attack step was successful. A situation, where successful completion of current step with one or more preceding ones is required to replenish resource-factors, is possible. After each step of attack the violator can “exchange” resource-factors to accumulate the required amount of those factors for the next step. The lack of the required amount of resource-factors may either forcefully interrupt an attack or to lower success probability or reduce the time required by protection side to discover the consequences of an attack. This article doesn’t consider the change of relative cost of resource-factors, that is caused by urgency, so that all resource-factors have fixed cost regardless of violator’s reserve of these resource-factors. Conditions-factors are fixed limitations for conducting an attack. Discrepancy of condition-factors makes it impossible to either start an attack or to finish the current attack’s step. In certain cases the lack in one condition-factor can be compensated with excess of another condition-factor or via spending additional resource-factors. The influence on resource-factors and condition-factors is laid as a basis of protection strategies. The strategy of increasing the values of condition-factors for violator decreases the total amount of attacks on a system by screening beginner violators. The threat level from groups of violators and from experienced violators will remain unchanged. The strategy of increasing the rate of resource-factors spending is designed to interrupt attacks in progress. Strategy of decreasing the amount of resource-factors that can be replenished after successful completion of certain steps of attack scenario is meant to decrease violator’s interest in attacking specifically our system and to decrease the chances of attack repetition if an attack occurred.

How non-veridical perception drives actions in healthy humans: evidence from synaesthesia

We continually perform actions that are driven by our perception and it is a commonly held view that only objectively perceived changes within the ‘real’ world affect behaviour. Exceptions are generally only made for mental health disorders associated with delusions and hallucinations where behaviour may be triggered by the experience of objectively non-existent percepts. Here, we demonstrate, using synaesthesia as a model condition (in N = 19 grapheme-colour synaesthetes), how objectively non-existent (i.e. non-veridical) but still non-pathological perceptions affect actions in healthy humans. Using electroencephalography, we determine whether early-stage perceptual processes (reflected by P1 and N1 event-related potential (ERP) components), or late-stage-integration processes (reflected by N2 component), underlie the effects of non-veridical perceptions on action control. ERP analysis suggests that even though the examined peculiarities and experimental variations are perceptual in nature, it is not early-stage perceptual processes, but rather higher-order executive control processes linking perceptions to the appropriate motor response underlying this effect. Source localization analysis implicates activation within medial frontal cortices in the effect of how irrelevant non-veridical perceptions modulate behaviour. Our results challenge common conceptions about the determinants of human behaviour but can be explained by well-established theoretical frameworks detailing the link between perception and action. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia’.