scholarly journals Etiology and management of Pythium root rot in golf course putting greens

itsrj ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halle D. Hampy ◽  
Benjamin J. Van Ryzin ◽  
E. Lee Butler ◽  
James P. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Pythium Root Rot

Chemical Methods of Moss Control on Golf Course Putting Greens

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Boesch ◽  
Nathaniel A. Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
Golf Course ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Putting Greens

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Reducing Rhodesgrass Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Density on Golf Course Putting Greens

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimat V. Joseph ◽  
Robert Wolverton ◽  
Juang Horng Chong
Keyword(s):  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens

scholarly journals Quantitative relationships of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 63-28 to Pythium root rot and growth in hydroponic peppers

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie R. Sopher ◽  
John C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Pythium Root Rot

scholarly journals First Report of Subanguina radicicola, the Root-Gall Nematode Infecting Poa annua Putting Greens in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report

In the fall of 2006, a golf course in Snoqualmie, WA renovated five putting greens with commercially produced Poa annua L. sod from British Columbia, Canada. Prior to the renovation, the greens had been planted with Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Providence, which was removed during the renovation. In February of 2007, chlorotic patches were observed on the newly established P. annua greens. When the roots were examined, extensive galling was observed throughout plant roots. Galls were slender and twisted in appearance and less than one millimeter long. Upon dissection of washed galls, hundreds of eggs were exuded into the surrounding water droplet and both mature male and female nematodes were observed. Further morphometric examination of males, females, and juvenile nematodes demonstrated that they were Subanguina radicicola (Greef 1872) Paramanov 1967 (1). Amplification of nematode 18S, ITS1, and 5.8S regions, using previously published primers (2), resulted in a 100% sequence match with the publicly available sequence for S. radicicola, GenBank Accession No. AF396366. Each P. annua plant had an average of six galls (with a range of 1 to 8), primarily located within the top 2 cm of the soil. All five new P. annua putting greens at the golf course were infested with the nematode. Additionally, P. annua from two A. stolonifera cv. Providence greens that had not been renovated was infected, suggesting that the population occurred onsite and was not imported from the Canadian sod. S. radicicola has been identified as causing severe damage in New Brunswick, Canada on P. annua putting greens and in wild P. annua in the northwestern United States, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematode affecting P. annua on a golf course in the United States. References: (1) E. L. Krall. Wheat and grass nematodes: Anguina, Subanguina, and related genera. Pages 721–760 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991. (2) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 86:840, 2002.

Divergence in Life-History and Developmental Traits in Silvery-Thread Moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) Genotypes between Golf Course Putting Greens and Native Habitats

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Raudenbush ◽  
Joshua L. Greenwood ◽  
D. Nicholas McLetchie ◽  
Sarah M. Eppley ◽  
Steven J. Keeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Bryum Argenteum ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Native Habitats

AbstractSilvery-Thread Moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) is an undesirable invader of golf course putting greens across North America, establishing colonies and proliferating despite practices to suppress it. The goal was to grow genotypes of green (growing in putting greens) and native (growing in habitats outside of putting greens) B. argenteum in a common garden experiment, allowing an experimental test of life-history traits between genotypes from these two habitats. Seventeen collections of green and 17 collections of native B. argenteum were cloned to single genotypes and raised through a minimum of two asexual generations in the lab. A culture of each genotype was initiated using a single detached shoot apex and was allowed to grow for 6 mo under conditions of inorganic nutrients present and absent. Compared with genotypes from native habitats, genotypes of B. argenteum from putting greens exhibited earlier shoot regeneration and shoot induction, faster protonemal extension, longer (higher) shoots, lower production of gemmae and bulbils, and greater aerial rhizoid cover, and showed similar tendencies of chlorophyll fluorescence properties and chlorophyll content. Cultures receiving no inorganic nutrients produced less chlorophyll content, greatly reduced growth, and bleaching of shoots. Mosses from putting greens establish more quickly, grow faster, produce more abundant rhizoids, and yet do not produce as many specialized asexual propagules compared with mosses of the same species from native habitats. The highly managed putting green environment has either selected for a suite of traits that allow the moss to effectively compete with grasses, or genotypic diversity is very high in this species, allowing a set of specialized genotypes to colonize the putting green from native habitats. Successful golf course weeds have been able to adapt to this highly competitive environment by selection acting on traits or genotypes to produce plants more successful in competing with golf course grasses.

Characterization and aggressiveness of take-all root rot pathogens isolated from symptomatic bermudagrass putting greens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Stephens ◽  
Travis W Gannon ◽  
Marc Cubeta ◽  
Tim L. Sit ◽  
Jim Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Ultradwarf Bermudagrass ◽  
Take All

Take-all root rot is a disease of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis (Gg), Gaeumannomyces sp. (Gx), Gaeumannomyces graminicola (Ggram), Candidacolonium cynodontis (Cc), and Magnaporthiopsis cynodontis (Mc). Many etiological and epidemiological components of this disease remain unknown. Improving pathogen identification and our understanding of the aggressiveness of these pathogens along with growth at different temperatures will advance our knowledge of disease development to optimize management strategies. Take-all root rot pathogens were isolated from symptomatic bermudagrass root and stolon pieces from 16 different golf courses. Isolates of Gg, Gx, Ggram, Cc, and Mc were used to inoculate ‘Champion’ bermudagrass in an in planta aggressiveness assay. Each pathogen was also evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35C to determine growth temperature optima. Infected plant tissue was used to develop a real-time PCR high resolution melt assay for pathogen detection. This assay was able to differentiate each pathogen directly from infected plant tissue using a single primer pair. In general, Ggram, Gg, and Gx were the most aggressive while Cc and Mc exhibited moderate aggressiveness. Pathogens were more aggressive when incubated at 30C compared to 20C. While they grew optimally between 24.4 and 27.8C, pathogens exhibited limited growth at 35C and no growth at 10C. These data provide important information on this disease and its causal agents that may improve take-all root rot management.

Identification of metalaxyl and ethaboxam insensitive Pythium sylvaticum pathogenic to pulse crops in Montana, USA.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipi Parikh ◽  
Swarnalatha Moparthi ◽  
Frankie Crutcher ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pythium Root Rot ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

Pythium root rot and damping-off caused by Pythium spp. are important diseases of pulse crops. In a 2016 pathogen survey from dry pea growing fields in Montana, along with commonly known causal agents P. ultimum and P. irregulare, an isolate identified as P. sylvaticum (LPPY17) was isolated from the rhizosphere of a diseased pea plant collected from Valley County, MT. Root rots and damping-off caused by P. sylvaticum have not previously been reported for chickpea, pea, and lentil crops. The isolate LPPY17 was tested for fungicide resistance in vitro, and results indicated a reduced sensitivity to metalaxyl and ethaboxam containing fungicides. LPPY17 was also tested for pathogenicity on chickpea, pea, and lentil seedlings in the greenhouse, and the results from the study revealed LPPY17 is capable of causing both root rots and damping off. Due to the potential pathogenicity and reduced fungicide sensitivity of this species, in the future it will be important to monitor for P. sylvaticum in pulse root rot surveys and diagnostics, as management options may be different from other common Pythium spp.

STUDIES ON BROWNING ROOT ROT OF CEREALS: VI. FURTHER CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SOIL AMENDMENTS ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE DISEASE IN WHEAT

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (6) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vanterpool
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Pythium Root Rot ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Supplemental Nutrients ◽  
Severe Leaf

Further work has substantiated earlier findings that phosphatic fertilizers and farm manure will give adequate control of Pythium root rot of wheat in infested prairie soils. The improvement in growth resulting from these amendments is considered to be due to the production of a larger number of quicker growing roots which lessens the chances for infection and leaves more roots healthy, though the same percentage may be affected as in diseased plants showing severe leaf discolorations. Experiments have failed to indicate that the phosphatic materials increase resistance appreciably. Nitrogenous materials when applied singly had virtually no effect on growth, but once ample phosphorus was added, further nitrogen applications gave substantially greater increases than phosphate alone. Phosphorus is apparently the chief limiting element. No difference was found in preliminary tests in the phosphate-fixing power of browning and normal soils. Typical browning soils responded irregularly to small applications of boron, copper, manganese, or zinc, but were not found to be seriously lacking in these elements. Moderate benefits resulted from heavy applications of gypsum and of sulphur. Browning soil was found also to be deficient in phosphate for non-cereals such as alfalfa, buckwheat, carrots, flax, lettuce, and sweet clover. These crops were not attacked by the Pythium spp. pathogenic to cereals. Consequently the poor growth of the non-cereals in browning soil appears to be due to nutrient deficiencies, while the poor growth of cereals is due to both root-destroying fungi and nutrient deficiencies. In both instances phosphorus is probably the chief limiting element. Ground cereal straw, sweet clover hay, and weed hay amendments gave moderate increases m the growth of wheat. No consistent differences were found in the carbon-nitrogen ratios of browning and normal soils. The results as a whole suggest that two of the most practicable means of meeting the browning root-rot situation are, firstly, to supply supplemental nutrients in the form of artificial fertilizers, and secondly, to add organic residues or farm manure regularly to fields subject to the disease.

CONTROL OF PYTHIUM ROOT ROT OF VEGETABLE PEA SEEDLINGS IN SOILLESS CULTURAL SYSTEM

2002 ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Lin ◽  
Y.H. Gung ◽  
J.H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Pythium Root Rot ◽  
Pea Seedlings
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