Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wared Nour‐Eldine ◽  
Katia Sayyed ◽  
Zeina Harhous ◽  
Carole Dagher‐Hamalian ◽  
Stephanie Mehanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Th2 Polarization

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus 6A Induces Dendritic Cell Death and HMGB1 Release without Virus Replication

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rasmus Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Th2 Polarization ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Ifn Γ

Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) is a common virus that has important immunomodulatory effects. Dendritic cells (DC) are key players in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including infections. (1) Background: Previous studies have demonstrated suppressive effects of HHV-6A on key DC functions. (2) Methods: human monocyte derived dendritic cells were inoculated with HHV-6A and viral replication, cell viability, and release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein from DC and of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-γ after co-culture with allogenic CD4+ T cells were assessed. (3) Results: Nonproductive infection of HHV-6A in DC leads to titer-dependent cell death and the release of HMGB1 protein, and a Th2 polarization. (4) Conclusion: These immune responses aimed to clear the infection may also imply risks for inflammatory pathologies associated with HHV-6A such as multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Nod2-Dependent Th2 Polarization of Antigen-Specific Immunity

2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (11) ◽  
pp. 7925-7935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Gamelas Magalhaes ◽  
Jörg H. Fritz ◽  
Lionel Le Bourhis ◽  
Gernot Sellge ◽  
Leonardo H. Travassos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Th2 Polarization

scholarly journals Omega-1, a glycoprotein secreted by Schistosoma mansoni eggs, drives Th2 responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (8) ◽  
pp. 1673-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Everts ◽  
Georgia Perona-Wright ◽  
Hermelijn H. Smits ◽  
Cornelis H. Hokke ◽  
Alwin J. van der Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Th2 Polarization ◽  
Th2 Responses

Soluble egg antigens of the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni egg antigen [SEA]) induce strong Th2 responses both in vitro and in vivo. However, the specific molecules that prime the development of Th2 responses have not been identified. We report that omega-1, a glycoprotein which is secreted from S. mansoni eggs and present in SEA, is capable of conditioning human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro to drive T helper 2 (Th2) polarization with similar characteristics as whole SEA. Furthermore, using IL-4 dual reporter mice, we show that both natural and recombinant omega-1 alone are sufficient to generate Th2 responses in vivo, even in the absence of IL-4R signaling. Finally, omega-1–depleted SEA displays an impaired capacity for Th2 priming in vitro, but not in vivo, suggesting the existence of additional factors within SEA that can compensate for the omega-1–mediated effects. Collectively, we identify omega-1, a single component of SEA, as a potent inducer of Th2 responses.

scholarly journals Acorus gramineusand and Euodia ruticarpa Steam Distilled Essential Oils Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Decreasing Th1/Th2 and Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Ratios In Vitro

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-He Yeh ◽  
Jin-Yuarn Lin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Immune Balance ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Th2 Polarization ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

To clarify the effects of steam distilled essential oils (SDEO) from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine on immune functions, two potential herbs, Acorus gramineusand (AG) and Euodia ruticarpa (ER) cultivated in Taiwan, were selected to assess their immunomodulatory effects using mouse primary splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages. T helper type 1 lymphocytes (Th1) (IL-2), Th2 (IL-5), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines secreted by correspondent immune cells treated with SDEO samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total amounts of potential phytochemicals, including total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins, in these two selected SDEOs were measured and correlated with cytokine levels secreted by immune cells. Our results evidenced that ER SDEO is rich in total flavonoids, polyphenols and saponins. Treatments with AG and ER SDEO significantly (p < 0.05) increased IL-5/IL-2 (Th2/Th1) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes, suggesting that both AG and ER SDEO have the Th2-polarization property and anti-inflammatory potential. In addition, AG and ER SDEO, particularly ER SDEO, markedly decreased TNF-α/IL-10 secretion ratios by macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibiting substantial effects on spontaneous and LPS-induced inflammation. Significant correlations were found between the total polyphenols, flavonoids or saponins content in the two selected SDEOs and Th1/Th2 immune balance or anti-inflammatory ability in linear, non-linear or biphasic manners, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that AG and ER, particularly ER, SDEO have immunomodulatory potential in shifting the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization in splenocytes and inhibiting inflammation in macrophages in the absence or presence of LPS.

scholarly journals Immune dysregulation and Th2 polarization are associated with atopic dermatitis in heart‐transplant children: A delicate balance between risk of rejection or atopic symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1536-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo López‐Abente ◽  
Esther Bernaldo‐de‐Quirós ◽  
Manuela Camino ◽  
Nuria Gil ◽  
Esther Panadero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Th2 Polarization
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