Multifaceted behavior of PEST sequence enriched nuclear proteins in cancer biology and role in gene therapy

AbstractExosomes are nanovesicles (∼30-150 nm diameters) released via an endocytic pathway in almost all mammalian cell types. Exosomes are composed of a lipid bilayer membrane that encloses RNA, miRNA, proteins and DNA. This manuscript unravels how exosome cargo is collected by a highly precise process delineating two separate mRNA transcript entities encoding cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins separately.Ultracentrifuge isolated exosomes were directly converted into cDNA (Exo-cDNA), by a method developed in our laboratory. Cellular RNA was extracted from each cell line and cDNA was prepared (Cell-cDNA). We amplified mRNA transcripts translating cytoplasmic proteins CD10 and CXCR4 and mRNA transcripts translating nuclear proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CREB-BP, activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). We amplified all four different mRNA transcripts (PCNA, CREB-BP, AID, and TdT) from cellular cDNA but none from exosomal cDNA (Exo-cDNA). These findings suggest that exosomes carry mRNA transcripts encoding cytoplasmic proteins only but mRNA transcripts encoding nuclear proteins could not be detected. This important observation could prove to be crucial for the exosome research community since it sheds light on one of the limitations relating to the use of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer biology and other diseases.Graphical Abstract

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Cancer Gene Therapy and its techniques in Cancer Biology

10.37628/ijcbcp.v6i1.551 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shubhjeet Mandal ◽

Piyush Kumar Tiwari ◽

Anees Mohd ◽

Anchal Deshwal

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Cancer Gene Therapy ◽

Cancer Gene

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Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: augmentation of thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir system using chemical modulators of nuclear proteins

International Hepatology Communications ◽

10.1016/0928-4346(95)00250-2 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 223-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y KANEKO ◽

A TSUKAMOTO ◽

M SHIBUY

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Thymidine Kinase ◽

Nuclear Proteins ◽

Thymidine Kinase Gene ◽

Kinase Gene

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Protamine-DNA interaction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081863 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 200-201

Author(s):

D.P. Bazett-Jones ◽

F.P. Ottensmeyer

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

Double Helix ◽

Dna Interaction ◽

Dark Field ◽

Sperm Head ◽

Nuclear Proteins ◽

Field Electron Microscopy ◽

Dark Field Electron ◽

Dna Double Helix ◽

Positively Charged

Dark field electron microscopy has been used for the study of the structure of individual macromolecules with a resolution to at least the 5Å level. The use of this technique has been extended to the investigation of structure of interacting molecules, particularly the interaction between DNA and fish protamine, a class of basic nuclear proteins of molecular weight 4,000 daltons.Protamine, which is synthesized during spermatogenesis, binds to chromatin, displaces the somatic histones and wraps up the DNA to fit into the small volume of the sperm head. It has been proposed that protamine, existing as an extended polypeptide, winds around the minor groove of the DNA double helix, with protamine's positively-charged arginines lining up with the negatively-charged phosphates of DNA. However, viewing protamine as an extended protein is inconsistent with the results obtained in our laboratory.

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Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100136799 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 84-85

Author(s):

Alan P. Koretsky ◽

Afonso Costa e Silva ◽

Yi-Jen Lin

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

High Resolution ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Great Success ◽

Functional Information ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

High Resolution Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

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