scholarly journals Sex‐specific associations between traumatic experiences and resting‐state functional connectivity in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort

JCPP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Wang ◽  
Jeffrey G. Malins ◽  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey R. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Sex-specific Associations Between Traumatic Experiences and Resting-state Functional Connectivity in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Wang ◽  
Jeffrey G. Malins ◽  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey R. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Connectivity Distribution

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence are a significant risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders and adversely affect cognitive functions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate the effects of traumatic experiences on functional connectivity, but the impact of sex differences has not been well documented. This study investigated sex-specific associations between resting-state functional connectivity and traumatic experiences in typically developing youth.MethodsThe sample comprised 1395 participants, ages 8 to 21 years, from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Resting-state functional connectivity was characterized by voxel-wise intrinsic connectivity distribution parameter values derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Traumatic experiences were assessed based on a structured psychiatric evaluation. Sex, the number of traumatic events, and their interaction were regressed onto voxel-wise intrinsic connectivity distribution parameter values. Brain regions that passed cluster correction were used as seeds to define resting-state networks.ResultsAfter quality control, the final sample included 914 participants (mean (SD) age, 14.6 (3.3) years; 529 (57.8%) females; 437 (47.8%) experienced at least one kind of traumatic event). Four discrete anatomical clusters showed decreased functional connectivity as the number of traumatic events increased. The resting-state networks defined by using these four clusters as seeds corresponded with the somatomotor network. Sex-specific associations were identified in another four clusters for which males showed increased connectivity, and females showed decreased connectivity as the number of traumatic events increased. The resting-state networks defined by the four sex-specific clusters corresponded with the default mode network.ConclusionsTraumatic experiences are associated with an alteration of resting-state functional connectivity in the somatomotor network in youth without psychiatric diagnoses. The associations differ in direction between males and females in the default mode network, suggesting sex-specific responses to early exposure to trauma.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and frontal–amygdala functional connectivity in North Korean refugees

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nambeom Kim ◽  
Inkyung Park ◽  
Yu Jin Lee ◽  
Sehyun Jeon ◽  
Soohyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
North Korean Refugees ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

AbstractBackgroundRefugees commonly experience difficulties with emotional processing, such as alexithymia, due to stressful or traumatic experiences. However, the functional connectivity of the amygdala, which is central to emotional processing, has yet to be assessed in refugees. Thus, the present study investigated the resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala and its association with emotional processing in North Korean (NK) refugees.MethodsThis study included 45 NK refugees and 40 native South Koreans (SK). All participants were administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Clinician-administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and differences between NK refugees and native SK in terms of resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala were assessed. Additionally, the association between the strength of amygdala connectivity and the TAS score was examined.ResultsResting-state connectivity values from the left amygdala to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) were higher in NK refugees than in native SK. Additionally, the strength of connectivity between the left amygdala and right dlPFC was positively associated with TAS score after controlling for the number of traumatic experiences and BDI and CAPS scores.ConclusionsThe present study found that NK refugees exhibited heightened frontal–amygdala connectivity, and that this connectivity was correlated with alexithymia. The present results suggest that increased frontal–amygdala connectivity in refugees may represent frontal down-regulation of the amygdala, which in turn may produce alexithymia.

Relating Disinhibited Eating Behaviors to Resting State Functional Connectivity in Young Children

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1889-P
Author(s):  
ALLISON L.B. SHAPIRO ◽  
SUSAN L. JOHNSON ◽  
BRIANNE MOHL ◽  
GRETA WILKENING ◽  
KRISTINA T. LEGGET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Disinhibited Eating

scholarly journals The effect of congenital blindness on resting-state functional connectivity revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. S. Guerreiro ◽  
Madita Linke ◽  
Sunitha Lingareddy ◽  
Ramesh Kekunnaya ◽  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Congenital Blindness ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Eyes Open

AbstractLower resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between ‘visual’ and non-‘visual’ neural circuits has been reported as a hallmark of congenital blindness. In sighted individuals, RSFC between visual and non-visual brain regions has been shown to increase during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. To determine the role of visual experience on the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition—as well as to evaluate the effect of resting state condition on group differences in RSFC—, we compared RSFC between visual and somatosensory/auditory regions in congenitally blind individuals (n = 9) and sighted participants (n = 9) during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. In the sighted group, we replicated the increase of RSFC between visual and non-visual areas during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. This was not the case in the congenitally blind group, resulting in a lower RSFC between ‘visual’ and non-‘visual’ circuits relative to sighted controls only in the eyes closed condition. These results indicate that visual experience is necessary for the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition and highlight the importance of considering whether sighted controls should be tested with eyes open or closed in studies of functional brain reorganization as a consequence of blindness.

scholarly journals Prenatal stress dysregulates resting-state functional connectivity and sensory motifs

2021 ◽  
pp. 100345
Author(s):  
Zahra Rezaei ◽  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Navvab Afrashteh ◽  
Reza Torabi ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Age-related differences in resting state functional connectivity in pediatric migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Akashroop Khaira ◽  
Mehak Stokoe ◽  
Megan Webb ◽  
Melanie Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Pediatric Migraine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Status Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Migraine affects roughly 10% of youth aged 5–15 years, however the underlying mechanisms of migraine in youth are poorly understood. Multiple structural and functional alterations have been shown in the brains of adult migraine sufferers. This study aims to investigate the effects of migraine on resting-state functional connectivity during the period of transition from childhood to adolescence, a critical period of brain development and the time when rates of pediatric chronic pain spikes. Methods Using independent component analysis, we compared resting state network spatial maps and power spectra between youth with migraine aged 7–15 and age-matched controls. Statistical comparisons were conducted using a MANCOVA analysis. Results We show (1) group by age interaction effects on connectivity in the visual and salience networks, group by sex interaction effects on connectivity in the default mode network and group by pubertal status interaction effects on connectivity in visual and frontal parietal networks, and (2) relationships between connectivity in the visual networks and the migraine cycle, and age by cycle interaction effects on connectivity in the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks. Conclusions We demonstrate that brain alterations begin early in youth with migraine and are modulated by development. This highlights the need for further study into the neural mechanisms of migraine in youth specifically, to aid in the development of more effective treatments.

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