scholarly journals Age-related differences in resting state functional connectivity in pediatric migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Akashroop Khaira ◽  
Mehak Stokoe ◽  
Megan Webb ◽  
Melanie Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Pediatric Migraine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Status Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Migraine affects roughly 10% of youth aged 5–15 years, however the underlying mechanisms of migraine in youth are poorly understood. Multiple structural and functional alterations have been shown in the brains of adult migraine sufferers. This study aims to investigate the effects of migraine on resting-state functional connectivity during the period of transition from childhood to adolescence, a critical period of brain development and the time when rates of pediatric chronic pain spikes. Methods Using independent component analysis, we compared resting state network spatial maps and power spectra between youth with migraine aged 7–15 and age-matched controls. Statistical comparisons were conducted using a MANCOVA analysis. Results We show (1) group by age interaction effects on connectivity in the visual and salience networks, group by sex interaction effects on connectivity in the default mode network and group by pubertal status interaction effects on connectivity in visual and frontal parietal networks, and (2) relationships between connectivity in the visual networks and the migraine cycle, and age by cycle interaction effects on connectivity in the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks. Conclusions We demonstrate that brain alterations begin early in youth with migraine and are modulated by development. This highlights the need for further study into the neural mechanisms of migraine in youth specifically, to aid in the development of more effective treatments.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Ageing Female Brain—Differences Between Young and Elderly Female Adults on Multislice Short TR rs-fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Podgórski ◽  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Anna Zimny ◽  
Marek Sąsiadek ◽  
Joanna Bladowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Female

Introduction: Age-related brain changes are one of the most important world health problems due to the rising lifespan and size of the elderly populations. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of ageing in women on coordinated brain activity between eight resting-state networks.Material and Methods: The study group comprised 60 healthy female volunteers who were divided into two age groups: younger women (aged 20–30 n = 30) and older women (aged 55–80 n = 30). Resting-state data were collected during a 15 min scan in the eyes-closed condition using a 3T MR scanner. Data were preprocessed and analysed using the CONN toolbox version 19.c. The large-scale network analysis included a priori selected regions of interest of the default mode, the sensorimotor, the visual, the salience, the dorsal attention, the fronto-parietal, the language, and the cerebellar network.Results: Within the visual, the default mode, the salience, and the sensorimotor network, the intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was significantly higher with increasing age. There was also a significant increase in the inter-network RSFC in older females compared to young females found in the following networks: sensorimotor lateral and salience, salience and language, salience and fronto-parietal, cerebellar anterior and default mode, cerebellar posterior and default mode, visual and sensorimotor lateral, visual and sensorimotor, visual lateral and default mode, language and cerebellar anterior, language and cerebellar posterior, fronto-parietal and cerebellar anterior, dorsal attention and sensorimotor, dorsal attention and default mode, sensorimotor superior, and salience. Compared to young females, elderly women presented bilaterally significantly lower inter-network RSFC of the salience supramarginal gyrus and cerebellar posterior, sensorimotor lateral, and cerebellar anterior network, and sensorimotor lateral and cerebellar posterior as well as sensorimotor superior and cerebellar posterior network.Conclusion: Increased RSFC between some brain networks including the visual, the default mode, the salience, the sensorimotor, the language, the fronto-parietal, the dorsal attention, and the cerebellar networks in elderly females may function as a compensation mechanism during the ageing process of the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the importance of increase of cerebellar networks RSFC during healthy female ageing.

scholarly journals Reduced resting state functional connectivity with increasing age-related hearing loss and McGurk susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Schulte ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Anja Gieseler ◽  
Maike Tahden ◽  
Hans Colonius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual Integration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Abstract Age-related hearing loss has been related to a compensatory increase in audio-visual integration and neural reorganization including alterations in functional resting state connectivity. How these two changes are linked in elderly listeners is unclear. The current study explored modulatory effects of hearing thresholds and audio-visual integration on resting state functional connectivity. We analysed a large set of resting state data of 65 elderly participants with a widely varying degree of untreated hearing loss. Audio-visual integration, as gauged with the McGurk effect, increased with progressing hearing thresholds. On the neural level, McGurk illusions were negatively related to functional coupling between motor and auditory regions. Similarly, connectivity of the dorsal attention network to sensorimotor and primary motor cortices was reduced with increasing hearing loss. The same effect was obtained for connectivity between the salience network and visual cortex. Our findings suggest that with progressing untreated age-related hearing loss, functional coupling at rest declines, affecting connectivity of brain networks and areas associated with attentional, visual, sensorimotor and motor processes. Especially connectivity reductions between auditory and motor areas were related to stronger audio-visual integration found with increasing hearing loss.

scholarly journals Macroscopic cortical dynamics: Spatially uncorrelated but temporally coherent rich-club organisations in source-space resting-state EEG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mehrkanoon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Topological Features

AbstractSynchronous oscillations of neuronal populations support resting-state cortical activity. Recent studies indicate that resting-state functional connectivity is not static, but exhibits complex dynamics. The mechanisms underlying the complex dynamics of cortical activity have not been well characterised. Here, we directly apply singular value decomposition (SVD) in source-reconstructed electroencephalography (EEG) in order to characterise the dynamics of spatiotemporal patterns of resting-state functional connectivity. We found that changes in resting-state functional connectivity were associated with distinct complex topological features, “Rich-Club organisation”, of the default mode network, salience network, and motor network. Rich-club topology of the salience network revealed greater functional connectivity between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, whereas Rich-club topologies of the default mode networks revealed bilateral functional connectivity between fronto-parietal and posterior cortices. Spectral analysis of the dynamics underlying Rich-club organisations of these source-space network patterns revealed that resting-state cortical activity exhibit distinct dynamical regimes whose intrinsic expressions contain fast oscillations in the alpha-beta band and with the envelope-signal in the timescale of < 0.1 Hz. Our findings thus demonstrated that multivariate eigen-decomposition of source-reconstructed EEG is a reliable computational technique to explore how dynamics of spatiotemporal features of the resting-state cortical activity occur that oscillate at distinct frequencies.

scholarly journals Predicting dysfunctional age-related task activations from resting-state network alterations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi D. Mill ◽  
Brian A. Gordon ◽  
David A. Balota ◽  
Jeffrey M. Zacks ◽  
Michael W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Age Related

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is linked to changes in fMRI task activations and fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (restFC), which can emerge early in the timecourse of illness. Study of these fMRI correlates of unhealthy aging has been conducted in largely separate subfields. Taking inspiration from neural network simulations, we propose a unifying mechanism wherein restFC network alterations associated with Alzheimer’s disease disrupt the ability for activations to flow between brain regions, leading to aberrant task activations. We apply this activity flow modeling framework in a large sample of clinically unimpaired older adults, which was segregated into healthy (low-risk) and at-risk subgroups based on established imaging (positron emission tomography amyloid) and genetic (apolipoprotein) risk factors for AD. We identified healthy task activations in individuals at low risk for AD, and then by estimating activity flow using at-risk AD restFC data we were able to predict the altered at-risk AD task activations. Thus, modeling the flow of healthy activations over at-risk AD connectivity effectively transformed the healthy aged activations into unhealthy aged activations. These results provide evidence that activity flow over altered intrinsic functional connections may act as a mechanism underlying Alzheimer’s-related dysfunction, even in very early stages of the illness. Beyond these mechanistic insights linking restFC with cognitive task activations, this approach has potential clinical utility as it enables prediction of task activations and associated cognitive dysfunction in individuals without requiring them to perform in-scanner cognitive tasks.Significance StatementDeveloping analytic approaches that can reliably predict features of Alzheimer’s disease is a major goal for cognitive and clinical neuroscience, with particular emphasis on identifying such diagnostic features early in the timeline of disease. We demonstrate the utility of an activity flow modeling approach, which predicts fMRI cognitive task activations in subjects identified as at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The approach makes activation predictions by transforming a healthy aged activation template via the at-risk subjects’ individual pattern of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (restFC). The observed prediction accuracy supports activity flow as a mechanism linking age-related alterations in restFC and task activations, thereby providing a theoretical basis for incorporating restFC into imaging biomarker and personalized medicine interventions.

Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley Davis ◽  
Emily Hirsch ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Margaret Andover ◽  
Amy Krain Roy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

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