Relating Disinhibited Eating Behaviors to Resting State Functional Connectivity in Young Children

AbstractResting state functional connectivity (RSFC) reflects the organization of functional networks in the brain. Functional networks measured during “resting”, or task-absent, state are correlated with cognitive function, and much development of these networks occurs between infancy and adulthood. However, RSFC research in the intermediate years (especially between ages 3 and 5 years) has been limited, mainly due to a paucity of child-appropriate neural measures and behavioral paradigms. This paper presents a new paradigm to measure RSFC in young children, utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Freeplay, a simple behavioral setup designed to approximate resting state in children. In Experiment 1, we recorded fNIRS data from children aged 3-8 years and adults aged 18-21 years and examined feasibility and validity of our measure of RSFC, and compared measures across the two groups. In Experiment 2, we recorded longitudinal data at two points (approximately 3 months apart) from children aged 3-5 years, and examined reliability under a variety of measures. In both experiments, all children were able to complete testing and provide usable data, a significant improvement over fMRI-based RSFC measurement in children. Results suggest this paradigm is practical and has good construct validity and test-retest reliability, and may contribute towards increasing the availability of reliable data on resting state networks in early childhood. In particular, these are some of the first positive results on the feasibility of reliably measuring functional connectivity in children aged 3-5 years.

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Weaker connectivity in resting state networks is associated with disinhibited eating in older adults

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-01056-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Brennan ◽

Lars Marstaller ◽

Hana Burianová ◽

David Benton ◽

Claire J. Hanley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Age Groups ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Resting State Networks ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Alternative Healthy Eating Index ◽

Disinhibited Eating

Abstract Background/objectives Obesity affects more than forty percent of adults over the age of sixty. Aberrant eating styles such as disinhibition have been associated with the engagement of brain networks underlying executive functioning, attentional control, and interoception. However, these effects have been exclusively studied in young samples overlooking those most at risk of obesity related harm. Methods Here we assessed associations between resting-state functional connectivity and disinhibited eating (using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire) in twenty-one younger (aged 19–34 years, BMI range: 18–31) and twenty older (aged 60–73 years, BMI range: 19–32) adults matched for BMI. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index was used to quantify diet quality. Results Older, compared to younger, individuals reported lower levels of disinhibited eating, consumed a healthier diet, and had weaker connectivity in the frontoparietal (FPN) and default mode (DMN) networks. In addition, associations between functional connectivity and eating behaviour differed between the two age groups. In older adults, disinhibited eating was associated with weaker connectivity in the FPN and DMN––effects that were absent in the younger sample. Importantly, these effects could not be explained by differences in habitual diet. Conclusions These findings point to a change in interoceptive signalling as part of the ageing process, which may contribute to behavioural changes in energy intake, and highlight the importance of studying this under researched population.

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Time lapse of individualized rTMS effects on resting state functional connectivity of healthy brains

10.26226/morressier.5b31ec582afeeb001345a27e ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya Singh

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity

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Resting-state Functional Connectivity Throughout a Course of iTBS in Major Depression

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03944213 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state functional connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways in cocaine addiction.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718046002.793480985 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Bryon Adinoff

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Cocaine Addiction ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity

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Resting State Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network: Relationships Between Cannabis Use, Gender, and Cognition in Adolescents and Young Adults

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102664

Author(s):

Megan M. Ritchay ◽

Ashley A. Huggins ◽

Alexander L. Wallace ◽

Christine L. Larson ◽

Krista M. Lisdahl

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode

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The effect of congenital blindness on resting-state functional connectivity revisited

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91976-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria J. S. Guerreiro ◽

Madita Linke ◽

Sunitha Lingareddy ◽

Ramesh Kekunnaya ◽

Brigitte Röder

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Visual Experience ◽

Brain Regions ◽

State Condition ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Congenital Blindness ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Congenitally Blind ◽

Eyes Open

AbstractLower resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between ‘visual’ and non-‘visual’ neural circuits has been reported as a hallmark of congenital blindness. In sighted individuals, RSFC between visual and non-visual brain regions has been shown to increase during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. To determine the role of visual experience on the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition—as well as to evaluate the effect of resting state condition on group differences in RSFC—, we compared RSFC between visual and somatosensory/auditory regions in congenitally blind individuals (n = 9) and sighted participants (n = 9) during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. In the sighted group, we replicated the increase of RSFC between visual and non-visual areas during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. This was not the case in the congenitally blind group, resulting in a lower RSFC between ‘visual’ and non-‘visual’ circuits relative to sighted controls only in the eyes closed condition. These results indicate that visual experience is necessary for the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition and highlight the importance of considering whether sighted controls should be tested with eyes open or closed in studies of functional brain reorganization as a consequence of blindness.

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