Arterial spin labeling to determine tumor viability in head and neck cancer before and after treatment

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer patients are frequently malnourished at the time of diagnosis and prior to the beginning of treatment. Deterioration of the nutritional status results in an increase in chemo radiotherapy related toxicity and this may increase the prolonged treatment time, which has been associated with poor clinical outcome. The present study aims to do nutritional assessment before and after chemo radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was undertaken at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly. In this study, 50 patients of Head and neck tumours were enrolled and their nutrition was assessed before and after chemoradiotherapy. Nutrition assessment was done using different laboratory parameters like haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, blood urea, serum creatinine and serum bilirubin. Anthropometric parameters used are Body mass index, Skin fold thickness, and Mid-arm circumference. Nutritional risk indicator and PG-SGA score is measured before and after chemoradiotherapy. All the parameters were assessed and analysed using different statistical tests- Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test and paired t test.RESULTS: Haemoglobin decrease was statistically significant during treatment (p less than 0.001) and the decrease in total leukocyte count during treatment was showing trend towards significance (p value-0.056). There was deterioration in other parameters like blood urea, serum creatinine and serum bilirubin but was not statistically significant. Anthropometric parameters- Body mass index, mid-arm circumference and skin fold thickness and percent body fat showed a significant change (p less than 0.00001). Nutritional risk indicator and PG-SGA class has decreased for majority of patients during treatment, the change is statistically significant (p less than 0.00001 and p=0.0251) respectively.CONCLUSION: The nutrition has important role to play in the management of head and neck cancers by chemo radiotherapy. It helps to reduce the complications and improve the tolerance of chemo radiotherapy, thus avoiding treatment breaks which may lead to failure of treatment.

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High rates of postoperative radiotherapy delay in head and neck cancer before and after Medicaid expansion

Head & Neck ◽

10.1002/hed.26736 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Pang ◽

Farhoud Faraji ◽

Erik Risa ◽

Loren K. Mell ◽

Jeffrey J. Houlton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽

Medicaid Expansion ◽

Before And After

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Changes in carnitine levels through induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer patients as a potential cause of therapy-related malaise

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08471-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ito ◽

Kiyoaki Tsukahara ◽

Hiroki Sato ◽

Akira Shimizu ◽

Isaku Okamoto

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Primary Cancer ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Before And After ◽

Primary Cancer Site ◽

Total Carnitine

Abstract Background Carnitine is related to malaise, and cisplatin is associated with decreased carnitine. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of one course of induction chemotherapy (IC) for head and neck cancer on blood carnitine levels, focusing on free carnitine (FC). Methods This single-center prospective study investigated 20 patients diagnosed with primary head and neck cancer who underwent IC with cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil. FC, acylcarnitine (AC), and total carnitine (TC) levels were measured before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 after starting IC. In addition, malaise was evaluated before and after therapy using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results All subjects were men and the most common primary cancer site was the hypopharynx (9 patients). FC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 47.7 ± 2.2 μM/mL, 56.7 ± 2.2 μM/mL, and 41.1 ± 1.9 μM/mL, respectively. Compared with the baseline before starting therapy, FC had significantly decreased on Day 21 (p = 0.007). AC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 12.5 ± 1.2 μM/mL, 13.6 ± 1.4 μM/mL, and 10.7 ± 0.7 μM/mL, respectively. TC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 60.2 ± 2.5 μM/mL, 70.2 ± 3.3 μM/mL, and 51.7 ± 2.3 μM/mL, respectively. No significant differences in AC, TC or VAS were seen before the start of therapy and on Day 21. Conclusions After IC, a latent decrease in FC occurred without any absolute deficiency or subjective malaise.

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Distinct Imaging Modalities in Head and Neck Cancer: Benefits and Drawbacks

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2777-2784

Author(s):

Dana Merin ◽

Roshni P R

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Precise Determination ◽

Imaging Biomarkers ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Before And After ◽

Oncological Imaging

This review mainly focuses on the distinct imaging techniques in for head and neck cancer (HNC), its altered techniques used in diagnosis and its applications. It also depicts the upcoming imaging methods present in the field of HNC causing areas. It explains precise determination regarding the degree and extends of neoplasm. We mainly look on to the MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging), PET(Positron emission tomography), CT (computed tomography)imaging biomarkers for the management of HNC. It plays an important role in the therapy selection strategies and also enhances the therapeutic ratio in the management of HNC. The role of imaging techniques become increasingly more crucial in the management process in locally progressed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). In this structure, PET allows non-invasive assessment of a range of tumour biomarkers such as metabolism, hypoxia and proliferation. MRI techniques such as can characterize different tissues by probing into their microstructure, providing a novel methodology in oncological imaging. CT, MRI, and PET/CT are widely used to determine the presence and extent of the tumours before and after treatment. This review depicts a synopsis of the most recent imaging strategies and imaging recommendations for every one of the different strides along the clinical way of patients with head and neck malignant growth.

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Induction Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer Occur Potentially Free Carnitine Decrease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132872/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ito ◽

Kiyoaki Tsukahara ◽

Hiroki Sato ◽

Akira Shimizu ◽

Isaku Okamoto

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽

Supportive Therapy ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Before And After ◽

Primary Cancer Site ◽

Total Carnitine

Abstract Background: Carnitine is related to malaise. Cisplatin is a cause of decreased carnitine. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of one course of induction chemotherapy (IC) for head and neck cancer on blood carnitine levels, focusing on FC.Methods: This single-center prospective study investigated 20 patients diagnosed with primary head and neck cancer who underwent IC with cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil. FC, acylcarnitine (AC), and total carnitine (TC) levels were measured before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 after starting IC. In addition, malaise was evaluated before and after therapy using a visual analog scale (VAS).Results: All subjects were men and the most common primary cancer site was the hypopharynx (9 patients). FC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 47.7±2.2 μM/mL, 56.7±2.2 μM/mL, and 41.1±1.9 μM/mL, respectively. Compared with before the start of therapy, FC had significantly decreased on Day 21 (p=0.007). AC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 12.5±1.2 μM/mL, 13.6±1.4 μM/mL, and 10.7±0.7 μM/mL, respectively. TC levels before starting therapy and on Days 7 and 21 were 60.2±2.5 μM/mL, 70.2±3.3 μM/mL, and 51.7±2.3 μM/mL, respectively. No significant differences in AC, TC or VAS were seen before the start of therapy and on Day 21. Conclusions: After IC, a latent decrease in FC occurred without any absolute deficiency or subjective malaise. When concurrent chemoradiotherapy is planned following IC, supportive therapy with carnitine supplementation may be appropriate.

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Improvement of a Delayed Swallowing Reflex Following Treatment for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16480/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akira Ohkoshi ◽

Kengo Kato ◽

Takenori Ogawa ◽

Ayako Nakanome ◽

Ryo Ishii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Advanced Head ◽

Silent Aspiration ◽

Swallowing Function ◽

Before And After ◽

Swallowing Reflex

Abstract Background: The latency of the swallowing reflex is an important factor causing dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients. Although there are many reports comparing voluntary swallowing function before and after treatment, few studies have focused on the latency of the swallowing reflex, which is a risk factor for pneumonia due to silent aspiration. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the changes in the latency of the swallowing reflex before and after treatment. Methods: The latency of the swallowing reflex was quantified using the time from the injection of 1 ml of distilled water into the pharynx through a nasal catheter to the onset of swallowing. Results: The latency time of the swallowing reflex was significantly decreased 3 months after treatment compared to before treatment. A significant reduction was also observed in patients with pharyngeal cancer who underwent chemoradiation therapy. Conclusions: This retrospective study showed that a delayed swallowing reflex improved with treatment in advanced head and neck cancer patients.

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Mouth Care for Head and Neck Cancer Patients – a Dental Hygienist's Perspective

Dental Update ◽

10.12968/denu.2020.47.10.867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 867-870

Author(s):

Jocelyn Harding

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Proactive Approach ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Mouth Care ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Before And After

A proactive approach to the mouth care of head and neck cancer patients, from their initial visit to their discharge, is vitally important. This area of care is complicated by many factors, of which some patients will not be aware when they start their difficult journey. This article is written to give the reader an insight into the dental hygienist's perspective of mouth care before, during and after treatment and then graduating the patient back into primary care. The treatment for each head and neck cancer patient is varied, therefore the process of healing post-surgery and therapy can be complicated. Balancing patient's expectations before and after diagnosis is a difficult task and may be impossible to predict, which makes this area of care complicated and involved for the dental hygienist. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer takes place in hospitals and involves a team of clinicians, including dental hygienists. Once patients treated for such cancers return to general dental practice, it is essential that general dental practitioners (GDPs) and their teams have a clear understanding of how they have been treated and how GDPs and their teams can contribute to the patients' aftercare.

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