Staging Liver Fibrosis: Comparison of Native T1 Mapping, T2 Mapping, and T1ρ: An Experimental Study in Rats With Bile Duct Ligation and Carbon Tetrachloride at 11. 7 T MRI

Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids during cholestasis leads to generation of oxygen free radicals in the liver. Accordingly, this study investigated whether polyphenols from green tea Camellia sinenesis, which are potent free radical scavengers, decrease hepatic injury caused by experimental cholestasis. Rats were fed a standard chow or a diet containing 0.1% polyphenolic extracts from C. sinenesis starting 3 days before bile duct ligation. After bile duct ligation, serum alanine transaminase increased to 760 U/l after 1 day in rats fed a control diet. Focal necrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed after 1–2 days, and fibrosis developed 2–3 wk after bile duct ligation. Additionally, procollagen-α1(I) mRNA increased 30-fold 3 wk after bile duct ligation, accompanied by increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β and the accumulation of 4-hydroxynenonal, an end product of lipid peroxidation. Polyphenol feeding blocked or blunted all of these bile duct ligation-dependent changes by 45–73%. Together, the results indicate that cholestasis due to bile duct ligation causes liver injury by mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Polyphenols from C. sinenesis scavenge oxygen radicals and prevent activation of stellate cells, thereby minimizing liver fibrosis.

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Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide during hepatic injury and fibrogenesis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.g124 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (1) ◽

pp. G124-G130 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. C. Rockey ◽

J. J. Chung

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Kupffer Cells ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Bile Duct Ligation ◽

Inos Mrna ◽

No Production ◽

Nonparenchymal Cells ◽

Duct Ligation

Nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is prominent in the liver after stimulation with cytokines and/or lipopolysaccharide. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of NO via iNOS in specific liver cell populations during toxin-mediated and obstructive hepatic injury and fibrogenesis. After a single dose of carbon tetrachloride, iNOS mRNA and nitrite (a metabolic product of NO) were detected only in Kupffer cells. They were not detectable in any cell type after recurrent administration of carbon tetrachloride, including in animals with far advanced cirrhosis (i.e., portal hypertension and/or ascites). After bile duct ligation, a mechanistically different form of liver injury and fibrogenesis, iNOS mRNA and nitrite were identified in all nonparenchymal cells but not in hepatocytes. Twenty-four hours after bile duct ligation, iNOS mRNA and NO production were greatest in Kupffer cells, but after prolonged bile duct ligation, iNOS was found predominantly in sinusoidal endothelial cells. These data indicate that iNOS expression varies temporally and spatially in the liver after injury and also varies with the type of insult.

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Review of experimental models for inducing hepatic cirrhosis by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride injection

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012000800013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 589-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Thamirys Guimarães Marques ◽

Eleazar Chaib ◽

Juliana Hamati da Fonseca ◽

Ana Cecília Rodrigues Lourenço ◽

Felipe Duarte Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Web Sites ◽

Bile Duct Ligation ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Duct Ligation ◽

Experimental Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Experimental Liver ◽

Better Than

PURPOSE: To present a review about a comparative study of bile duct ligation versus carbon tetrachloride Injection for inducing experimental liver cirrhosis. METHODS: This research was made through Medline/PubMed and SciELO web sites looking for papers on the content "induction of liver cirrhosis in rats". We have found 107 articles but only 30 were selected from 2004 to 2011. RESULTS: The most common methods used for inducing liver cirrhosis in the rat were administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). CCl4 has induced cirrhosis from 36 hours to 18 weeks after injection and BDL from seven days to four weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION: For a safer inducing cirrhosis method BDL is better than CCl4 because of the absence of toxicity for researches and shorter time for achieving it.

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