Meta-analysis of type-specific human papillomavirus prevalence in Iranian women with normal cytology, precancerous cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer: Implications for screening and vaccination

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in large areas of the developing world, and almost half of these cases (54%) arises in Asia, where cervical cancer is still threatening women’s health and survival, which makes it a considerable public problem. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most powerful human carcinogens. Today, it has been proven that all cervical cancers and primary precancerous lesions are caused by carcinogenic types of HPV infections. HPV genotyping can therefore evaluate the screening programs. Methods: Five hundred fifty women referring to the gynecological centers were subjected to Pap smear cell samples. The cytopathological diagnosis of obtained cervical samples was based on the Bethesda system. HPV genotyping was carried out using the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II Amp assay. Results: In a total of 244 HPV positive cases, single‑type HPV infection was observed in 49.6%, while multi‑type HPV infections (including ≥ 2 types) were found in 45.5% of cases. Among the 110 cases with abnormal cytology results, going-over analyses led to the identification of atypical squamous cell of unknown significance (ASCUS) in 73 cases, low‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 24 cases, and high‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 12 cases. In these groups, the infection rate of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was 89%, 82%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the total population of women suffering from different cervical lesions and malignancy was found to be infected with various HPV genotypes. High prevalence of HPV- 53 and HPV- 16 detected among participants with normal cytology can be considered as a tip-off development of cervical cancer among Iranian women.

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Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: a meta-analysis

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/sj.bjc.6600688 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 932

Author(s):

G M Clifford ◽

J S Smith ◽

M Plummer ◽

N Muñoz ◽

S Franceschi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer

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Genotyping of human papillomavirus in cervical lesions by L1 consensus PCR and the Luminex xMAP system

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.46493-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 715-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Han-Liang Jiang ◽

Hai-Hong Zhu ◽

Lin-Fu Zhou ◽

Feng Chen ◽

Zhi Chen

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

High Throughput ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Low Risk ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Suspension Array ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

High Risk Hpv

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, the principal cancer in women in most developing countries. Molecular epidemiologic evidence clearly indicates that certain types of HPV are the principal cause of invasive cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Comprehensive, high-throughput typing assays for HPV, however, are not currently available. By combining L1 consensus PCR and multiplex hybridization using a Luminex xMAP system-based suspension array, the authors developed a rapid high-throughput assay, the HPV DNA suspension array (HPV-SA), capable of simultaneously typing 26 HPVs, including 18 high-risk HPV genotypes and eight low-risk HPV genotypes. The performance of the HPV-SA applied to 26 synthetic oligonucleotide targets was evaluated. The HPV-SA system perfectly discriminated 18 high-risk HPV targets from eight low-risk HPV targets. To assess the clinical applicability of the assay, the HPV-SA was performed with 133 MY09/MY11 primer set-mediated PCR (MY-PCR)-positive clinical specimens; of the 133 samples, 121 were positive by HPV-SA. Both single and multiple types were easily identified. The authors believe that improvement of the assay may be useful for epidemiological studies, cancer-screening programmes, the monitoring of therapeutic interventions, and the evaluation of the efficacy of HPV vaccine trials.

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Nationwide Rereview of Normal Cervical Cytologies before High-Grade Cervical Lesions or before Invasive Cervical Cancer

Acta Cytologica ◽

10.1159/000515912 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Henrik Edvardsson ◽

Jiangrong Wang ◽

Bengt Andrae ◽

Pär Sparén ◽

Björn Strander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Screening Program ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

False Negative ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽

High Grade ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Normal Cytology

Sweden has experienced an unexpected >30% increase in cervical cancer incidence among women with normal cytological screening results. We therefore performed a nationwide assessment of false-negative cytology before invasive cervical cancer. The Swedish national cervical screening registry identified 2,150 normal cytologies taken up to 10 years before 903 cases of invasive cervical cancer. The 27 cytological laboratories in Sweden were asked to rereview the slides, and all of them completed the rereview. One thousand nine hundred fifteen slides were retrieved and reviewed. Abnormalities were found in 30% of the slides, and the proportion of slides that had a changed diagnosis on rereview increased on average by 3.9% per sampling year during 2001–2016 (<i>p</i> < 0.03). We also asked for rereview of normal smears taken up to 42 months before a histopathologically diagnosed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). 19/27 laboratories responded, and out of 6,101 normal smears taken before HSIL/AIS, 5,918 were retrieved and rereviewed. The diagnosis was changed in 25% of cases. In summary, we found an increasing time trend of false-negative smears taken before invasive cervical cancer. This indicates a decreased protection of normal cytology in the screening program supporting earlier findings that this is the main reason behind the recent Swedish increase in cervical cancer. We suggest that optimal cervical cancer control may be promoted by routine nationally coordinated rereview of negative smears before high-grade cervical lesions or invasive cervical cancer.

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