Spouses at work: Opportunity ahead

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Sam Sarpong
Keyword(s):  
Work Opportunity

Framing Welfare Reform in Affluent Societies: Rendering Restructuring More Palatable?

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Discursive Politics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Political Framing ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
Work Opportunity

This paper investigates the conditions under which political framing can render welfare restructuring more palatable. I start by asking two research questions. What are the necessary (albeit perhaps insufficient) conditions that allow leaders successfully to frame welfare reform? To what extent are these conditions evident across welfare regimes? I identify four variables that affect leaders' opportunities for framing social policy: (1) extant frames, (ii) actors, (iii) institutions and (iv) policy arena. After examining the four dominant types of frames found across affluent societies, I review the discursive politics surrounding The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act as a case where all four conditions for framing welfare reform coalesced.

Did the Work Opportunity Tax Credit Cause Subsidized Worker Substitution?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Ajilore
Keyword(s):  
Target Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Work Opportunity

This article questions whether the implementation of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) created an incentive for employers to substitute subsidized workers for incumbent workers. To see if this substitution occurs, the author uses a differences-in-differences methodology to test whether the implementation of the WOTC caused both an increase in employment from a representative target group and a decrease in employment of a group that is a close substitute for members of the target group. The author finds no evidence that subsidized worker substitution occurred in the period after the WOTC was implemented. There is evidence that the WOTC is effective in increasing the employment rates of long-term welfare recipients.

scholarly journals MASA DEPAN ANAK MUDA PERTANIAN DI TENGAH LIBERALISASI PERTANAHAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nashih Luthfi ◽  
Surya Saluang
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Work Opportunity

Abstract: The opitimism and persistence of small farmers, such as Alexander Chayanov’s view, need to be thoroughly exploredby examining the demographic composition of the farmers’ families, especially those of their younger genarations. The paperis aimed at finding the critical existance of the Indonesian agricultural regeneration caused by the structural constraints. Theycan be in the form of political large-sacle land alocation for corporates; and other stuctural patriarchal and grontocraticconstraints; instead of the young generations’ motivation. If the above constraints are able to be eliminated, as two cases inHalmahera islands and one village in Kulonprogo regency, Yogyakarta, there will be large opportunity for them. The youths’enthusiasm will grow if there is an open access for them. The access can be in the form of land, work opportunity, knowledge onagriculture as well as agricultural policy for household-scale.Keywords: youth farming generation, alocation policy, patriarchal and grontocratic cultures, access.Abstrak: Optimisme peran dan persistensi petani kecil sebagaimana pandangan Alexander Chayanov perlu lebih didalami denganmelihat komposisi demografis keluarga masyarakat tani, khususnya generasi muda mereka. Tulisan ini mengkaji adanya krisisregenerasi pertanian Indonesia yang lebih disebabkan adanya kendala-kendala struktural berupa politik pengalokasian tanahskala besar untuk korporasi; dan kendala kultural yang bersifat patriarkis dan grontokratis; alih-alih absennya motivasi generasimuda. Ketika kendala-kendala tersebut dapat dihilangkan, sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam kasus di dua desa di kepulauanHalmahera dan satu desa di Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, maka terbuka peluang besar keterlibatan mereka. Antusiasme generasimuda akan tumbuh ketika segenap akses terbuka luas bagi mereka, yakni berupa tanah, keterbukaan tenaga kerja, pengetahuanpertanian, serta kebijakan pertanian skala rumah tangga.Kata kunci: generasi muda pertanian, politik alokasi, budaya patriarkis dan grontokratis, akses

scholarly journals Lost Work Opportunity Score Predicts Health in Retirement

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 570-570
Author(s):  
Maren Wright Voss ◽  
Man Hung ◽  
Lorie Richards ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Pollie Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Evidence Of Impact ◽  
Work Opportunity

Abstract Objectives Under-reporting of unemployment or forced retirement has consequences for measuring the impacts of job changes on health at retirement. We analyzed a comprehensive three-part measure of lost work opportunity for evidence of impact on health. Methods We combined variables from the Health and Retirement Study for 2,576 respondents assessing unemployment, forced retirement, and earlier than planned retirement into a single lost work opportunity score (LOS). We evaluated the reliability and unidimensionality of the LOS. We conducted multivariate regression to assess health impacts controlling for age, gender, education, race, ethnicity, and prior health status. Results The Cronbach’s Alpha for the LOS was a = 0.76 and the LOS variables primarily loaded onto a single component demonstrating undimensionality. The LOS significantly predicted self-reported health (⃞ = .16; p < .001) with higher lost work associated with negative health outcomes (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). The LOS score significantly predicted mental health declines (⃞ = .07; p = .002)(Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). Discussion Population-level data indicates that health declines following both unemployment and retirement, but there is ample evidence that early or planned retirements do not show the same negative health impacts. We examined the health impact of retirement using the construct of lost work opportunity rather than voluntary or involuntary retirement, per se. Our findings indicate that as much as 7% of negative health changes in the early retirement years could be attributable to employment changes that were unplanned or experienced as outside the retiree's control.

scholarly journals Sécurité du revenu et exclusion sociale aux États-Unis : bilan préliminaire de la réforme de 1996

2002 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Patrick Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Exclusion Sociale ◽  
Work Opportunity

RÉSUMÉ En août 1996, par l'adoption du Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), le système américain de sécurité du revenu était modifié en profondeur. Trois ans plus tard, malgré le caractère préliminaire des résultats disponibles et un contexte économique exceptionnellement favorable, et au-delà du fait que le nombre de prestataires a diminué de façon importante, certaines tendances préoccupantes se dessinent en matière d'évolution des revenus, dans un contexte social et politique particulièrement peu sensible aux questions d'exclusion sociale.

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