Effect of Temperature Upon Solubilization by a Series of Nonionic Surfactants

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Humphreys ◽  
C.T. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

Experimental Investigation of Friction Reduction in Transport of Fluids Using Surfactants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencio Sanchez-Silva ◽  
Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal ◽  
Pedro Quinto-Diez ◽  
Juan Gabriel Barbosa-Saldana
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Mass Fluxes ◽  
Inner Diameter

This paper presents the results of the influence of surfactants in reducing friction while driving fluid in pipes. Experimental research was conducted with water-surfactant mixtures which were tested three types of these additives: anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants. Was designed and built an experimental facility in which the test area was acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of D = 19 mm and a length of 300 D. The concentrations of surfactants in the mixtures were 150, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm, added according to a pilot program that took into account the amount and type of additive added in different liquid mass fluxes. Pressure losses were compared against those obtained when flow is the same water flows through the installation. The results obtained show a reduction of up to 43.9% of the friction which is achieved with a Re = 11243 and surfactant concentrations of 250 ppm (cetyl trimethyl chloride ammonium), to which was added as a stabilizer for the micro structure of the surfactant, sodium salicylate, which applies only to the cationic type surfactants. The results are promising but left to study such issues as: the injection and recovery of surfactant, more efficient mixing, the mechanisms that lead to a reduction of friction and the effect of temperature among others.

scholarly journals Enhancing Gas Permeation Properties of Pebax® 1657 Membranes via Polysorbate Nonionic Surfactants Doping

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bernardo ◽  
Gabriele Clarizia
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Gas Transport Properties ◽  
The One

Composite membranes were prepared by co-casting, incorporating two nonionic surfactants in a poly(ether-block-amide), Pebax® 1657 up to 50 wt %. These polysorbate nonionic surfactants contain many ethylene oxide units and are very CO2-philic agents; thereby, they can be exploited as membrane additives for gas separation involving carbon oxide. Dynamic light scattering analysis proved a higher stability of additionated Pebax® 1657 solutions with respect to those containing only the copolymer. Scanning electron microscopy showed a regular membrane morphology without pores or defects for all investigated samples. If on the one hand the addition of the additive has depressed the mechanical properties, on the other, it has positively influenced the gas transport properties of Pebax® 1657 films. CO2 permeability increased up to two or three times after the incorporation of 50 wt % additive in copolymer matrix, while the selectivity was not significantly affected. The effect of temperature on permanent gas transport properties was studied in the range of 15–55 °C.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document