Effects of soil cultivation on the growth and yield of winter wheat. IV-effects of cultivation on root development

The article considers the issues of the influence of the main tillage on the yield of crops of grain-tilled crop rotation: vetch-oat mixture - winter wheat - potatoes - barley. It was found that in addition to the reception of soil cultivation, the productivity of agrocenoses was also influenced by meteorological conditions.

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Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.100-108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

T.S. Vinnichuk ◽

L.M. Parminskaya ◽

N.M. Gavrilyuk

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

No Till ◽

Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056604 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

I. Pearman ◽

S. M. Thomas ◽

G. N. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Main Effects ◽

Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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Effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus on Root Development and Water-Use Efficiency of Hard Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-6-0766 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 766-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. A. Price ◽

F. Workneh ◽

S. R. Evett ◽

D. C. Jones ◽

J. Arthur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Water Use ◽

Root Development ◽

Field Studies ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Red Winter Wheat

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, on root development and water-use efficiency (WUE) of two hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, one susceptible and one resistant to WSMV. In the greenhouse studies, wheat cultivars were grown under three water regimes of 30, 60, and 80% soil saturation capacity. After inoculation with WSMV, plants were grown for approximately 4 weeks and then harvested. Root and shoot weights were measured to determine the effect of the disease on biomass. In all water treatments, root biomass and WUE of inoculated susceptible plants were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those of the noninoculated control plants. However, in the resistant cultivar, significance was only found in the 30 and 60% treatments for root weight and WUE, respectively. Field studies were also conducted under three water regimes based on reference evapotranspiration rates. Significant reductions in forage, grain yield, and crop WUE were observed in the inoculated susceptible plots compared with the noninoculated plots. Both studies demonstrated that wheat streak mosaic reduces WUE, which is a major concern in the Texas Panhandle because of limited availability of water.

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