Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
A. P. Voloshchuk ◽  
I. S. Voloshchuk ◽  
V. V. Gliva ◽  
O. M. Sluchak ◽  
G. S. Gereshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In recent years, interest in non-traditional methods of farming and plant growing has increased, which include the widespread use of biological methods of plant protection and nutrition, allowing significantly reduce the use of pesticides and reduce fertilizer rates. Therefore, there is a constant search and selection of highly effective and competitive formulations that, in growing technologies, ensured an increase in yield and the quality of the grown products. It has been established that the reasons for obtaining seeds of low yielding and sowing qualities of winter wheat in the zone of excessive moisture in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are lodging of crops and the development of harmful diseases. These negative phenomena can be prevented through the use of the Vympel-2 growth regulator and Oracle microfertilizer colofermin copper, both when separately and simultaneously introduced into the ejection phase of the tube. Under the influence of these formulations, resistance to lodging of plants increases, the spread of diseases decreases: powdery mildew, leaf septoria, and dark brown rust. The increased spike growth and the best filling of winter wheat grains occur due to the shortening of the vegetative part of the shoot, which contributes to a significant increase in productivity - 0.45–0.55 t / ha. Due to optimal growth and development, seeds of high sowing qualities are formed on maternal plants. The most effective is the tank mixture of the Vympel-2 growth regulator (0.5 l / ha) with microfertilizer Oracle colofermin copper (1.0 l / ha) against the background of N30P90K90 with the phased introduction of nitrogen according to N30P90K90 at the IV and VII stages of organogenesis, which reduced development diseases on plants compared with the control (without treatment of sowing) by 15.4% (powdery mildew), 10.8 (leaf Septoria) and 10.4% (dark brown spotting).

Influence of tillage methods on the water-physical conditions of chernozem typical and winter wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
O.O. Diomkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The article presents the results of three-year studies to determine the effectiveness of local chisel, ultra-deep chisel, chisel conventional and disk tillage when growing winter wheat after fallow in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that changing the plowing of local or disking soil tillage leads to an increase in the density and hardness of the arable layer. Solid chisel tillage ensures the agrophysical state of the soil at the level of plowing. Chisel loosening improves the structure of the arable layer due to an increase in the number of water resistance aggregates by 2.5–3.4 % in comparison with plowing. The methods of soil tillage in fallow have little effect on the change in the moisture content of the arable and meter layers, which is facilitated by the accumulation and retention of moisture during the maintenance of fallow. Chisel tillage contributes to an increase in soil protection efficiency of the surface by 5–7 % in comparison with plowing due to the partial preservation of crop residues in the period after harvesting the predecessor to the beginning of summer, improvement of the structure of the upper layer and differentiated redistribution of the root system. The highest level of soil protection efficiency is provided by local chisel loosening. All non-moldboard tillage in fallow contributed to an increase in the yield of wheat grain in comparison with plowing, especially after solid loosening with a chisel plow at 33-35 cm, where an increase in yield was recorded by 0.36 t/ha (9 %). An increase in the level of profitability by 16–25 % makes it possible to recommend chisel local and solid loosening by 33–35 cm in a fallow when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, chisel loosening, local loosening, efficiency, density, hardness, water resistance, yield.

scholarly journals Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. Bakalova ◽  
N. Gritsyuk ◽  
O. Derechа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Substance Treatment ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine. Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots. Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the application of insectofungicide prestige for grain crops protection against harmful organisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanovich Silaev ◽  
Lyudmila Denisovna Grishechkina ◽  
Vera Gennadievna Churikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The Prestige

The effectiveness of the insecticofungicide Prestige, KS, used to protect plants from damage by diseases and damage by pests in the first stages of ontogenesis is shown. Presowing seed treatment with a preparation with a flow rate of 2.5–3.5 l/t reduced the incidence of winter wheat with root rot of rhizoctoniosis etiology by 62.9%. The biological effectiveness of the Prestige, KS (3.5 l / t) on moderately infectious background was also quite high - 59.5%, however, it was 9.0% lower than the standard. It practically did not influence overwintering of plants. After application of Prestige, KS were in the norm of 2.5 and 3.5 l/t, and Maxim Extreme, KS in the norm of 1.75 l/t, the number of plants preserved by spring varied from 91.9 to 92.9%, that is higher than in the control by 3.9–4.9%. The application of insectofungicide Prestige, KS at a rate of 2.5 l/t on spring wheat sowings reduced the number of grain fleas by more than 80.0%and the damage of the stems by the larvae of cereal flies by 74.3%. This preparation  is not phytotoxic with respect to cereals.

Foliar disease development in no-till winter wheat: Influence of agronomic practices on powdery mildew development

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Tompkins ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Fertility

Agronomic practices must be modified to maximize winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in different environments. Changes in crop management may modify the microclimate within the crop canopy thereby influencing the development of foliar pathogens. This study was initiated to determine the effect of cultivar, nitrogen (N) fertility, seed rate (SR) and row spacing (RS) on the severity of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. tritici E. Marchal) on the upper leaves of no-till winter wheat grown in the Saskatchewan Parkland region. Average powdery mildew (PM) severity was greater on the upper leaves of the semi-dwarf cultivar Norwin than on the tall cultivar Norstar and increased under conditions of high N fertility. The use of 36 cm RS and 140 kg ha−1 SR compared to 9 cm RS and 35 kg ha−1 SR also resulted in increased PM severity. In general, wide RS enhanced spore dispersal and disease progress up the plant while high SR created a more favourable crop canopy microclimate for PM development once the pathogen was established on a leaf.Key words: Wheat (winter). Triticum aestivum L., no-till, powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis, row spacing, seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer

scholarly journals Effect of Combined Dressing Agents on Phytosanitary Situation in Winter Wheat Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00146
Author(s):  
Vasily G. Vasin ◽  
Elena V. Pertseva ◽  
Lyudmila V. Kiseleva ◽  
Oksana P. Kozhevnikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Middle Volga

The Middle Volga forest-steppe was subject to a comparative assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of combined insect-fungicidal pesticides as regulators of a phytosanitary state of farming ecosystems and yields of winter wheat. Insect-fungicidal pesticides used for pre-sowing treatment do not guarantee unconditional success, but they help to significantly reduce pest-induced losses and obtain safer grain produce. Regulated seeding rates showed that, once applied, combined dressing agents become slightly less biologically effective with overcrowding or thinning of crops. Dividend Supreme effectively reduced damage to shoots by Swedish flies, slightly worse than Celest Top. Celest Top and Dividend Supreme ensured stable suppression of root rot during the years of research. The winter wheat increasingly lodged when Celest Top and Dividend Supreme were used for seed dressing compared to the control (without dressing). Insect-fungicidal dressing agents increased the yield of winter wheat compared to the control and, at the same time, the risk of lodging. This effect was especially noticeable when Celest Top was used. It is recommended to use the combined Dividend Supreme and Celest Top pesticides for ensuring a stable phytosanitary situation and obtaining a high-quality harvest with a seeding rate of the target crop of 2-3 million seeds per 1 ha.

scholarly journals Resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Right

Goal. Determine the degree of resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine and identify promising sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory — selection of infection material with different levels of virulence, development of infection material of leaf rust and septoria of wheat; field — creation of artificial infection and provocative backgrounds of pathogens and assessment of resistance of the collection of cultivars to this phytopathogens; analytical in mathematical — analysis of the obtained data, calculation of the intensity of disease development. Results. In 2017—2019, 30 cultivars of spring wheat from the collections of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine were provided by the Ustimovskaya Plant Research Station of the Institute of Plant Growing. V.Ya. Yuriev NAAS was evaluated for resistance to the main leaf pathogens: powdery mildew Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, brown rust Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. et Desm. (syn. Puccinia triticina), leaf septoria Zymoseptoria tritici Rob. et Desm., pyrenophora Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler and root rot. The collection included cultivars of Ukrainian, Russian, Kazakh and Kyrgyz breeding. Assessment of resistance to powdery mildew, pyrenophora and root rot was performed on a natural infectious background, and the pathogens of septoria and leaf rust on the created artificial complex infectious background during the period of maximum disease development. Cultivars were characterized by their degree of stability using a 9 — point immunological scale. According to the research results, the degree of resistance of varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot was established. Among the studied spring wheat collection, a number of cultivars were identified that showed resistance both to individual pathogens and to a group of diseases in the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: to powdery mildew — 4, brown rust — 20, septoria — 8, pyrenophorosis — 8, roots — 7. The group resistance was characterized by 13 spring wheat cultivars. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are cultivars of Oksamit Mironovsky (UKR) and Lebedushka (RUS) with resistance to the group of pathogens of powdery mildew, leaf rust and pyrenophorosis, characteristic of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. Other spring wheat cultivars that have high resistance to both individual pathogens and their groups are recommended to be involved in the breeding process to create new promising spring wheat cultivars with high resistance rates.

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